多梯度复杂图像的分割

图像分割是一种重要的图像分析技术,它不仅得到人们广泛的重视和研究,也在实际中得到大量的应用。本文针对一些经典分割算法对多梯度复杂图像分割边缘定位不准确,易受噪声干扰的特点,提出了一种利用图像边缘区域对多梯度复杂图像进行自适应阈值分割的算法。通过对各种算法的比较,本算法抗干扰能力较强,稳定性好,而且完全自动,不需预先设定任何参数。对多种图像的实验表明本文方法十分有效。     

以专业实验室评估为契机积极推进学生素质教育

教育的目的就是为了全面提高人的素质，为适应素质教育的需要，积极推进专业实验室评估势在必行。本文就我院当前形势，结合专业实验室评估的实际工作，对以专业实验室评估为契机积极推进学生素质教育进行了深入的剖析。     

Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer

Metastasis, the dissemination and growth of neoplastic cells in an organ distinct from that in which they originated, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancers, where most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and few show a sustained response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Whether the dismal prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to patients with other types of cancer is a result of late diagnosis or early dissemination of disease to distant organs is not known. Here we rely on data generated by sequencing the genomes of seven pancreatic cancer metastases to evaluate the clonal relationships among primary and metastatic cancers. We find that clonal populations that give rise to distant metastases are represented within the primary carcinoma, but these clones are genetically evolved from the original parental, non-metastatic clone. Thus, genetic heterogeneity of metastases reflects that within the primary carcinoma. A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell. At least five more years are required for the acquisition of metastatic ability and patients die an average of two years thereafter. These data provide novel insights into the genetic features underlying pancreatic cancer progression and define a broad time window of opportunity for early detection to prevent deaths from metastatic disease.     

孤岛油田馆(1+2)地层划分对比与沉积模式

孤岛油田馆(1 2)砂层组属于河流相沉积，其纵向、横向相变迅速，砂体难以大面积追踪，本利用河流结构单元分析法、标准层与辅助标志层控制下的“旋回-厚度”对比法，很好地解决了馆(1 2)地层的划分对比问题，其中馆(1 2)砂层组内辅助标志层的发现为地层的划分对比提供了重要的保证．根据结构单元分析、砂体的岩性特征、粒度特征、河流砂体的空间展布形态以及河流曲率的计算，对馆(1 2)河流沉积的垂向旋回性及沉积模式进行了研究。对比Miall的16种河流分类方案，孤岛油田馆(1 2)砂层组属于细粒曲流河沉积．     

Information, evolution, and change

The basic premise of this paper is that the ethicality of systems can be improved by placing them on a more solid informational foundation. Information, evolution, and change are seen to be integrally related. An information typology of nonreferential, referential, and state-referential information is proposed to handle the ontological, epistemological, and teleological aspects of systems. These information types have a particular entailment relationship to each other. The typology and entailment ordering are seen as having important consequences for the design of social systems.     

均匀细圆环和均匀薄圆盘对任意轴线的转动惯量

分别运用一般方法和投影法计算了均匀细圆环和均匀薄圆盘对任意轴线的转动惯量,在验证投影法计算结果正确性的基础上,对计算结果进行了讨论,可以用于对实际问题的分析研究.     

GABA-containing neurons in the septum control inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus

The hippocampus, in particular the neocortex-hippocampus-neocortex circuit, is widely believed to be crucial in memory. Information flow in this circuit is strongly influenced by relatively sparse afferents derived from subcortical centres, such as the septum, involved in arousal, emotions and autonomic control. A powerful mechanism, by which numerically small inputs can produce profound effects, is feed-forward inhibition, that is, the activation of local inhibitory interneurons, which, in turn, control the activity of large populations of principal cells in the hippocampus. An example is the cholinergic input to the hippocampus from the septum, which is likely to be involved in feed-forward operations. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a circuit underlying another powerful mechanism of subcortical control of hippocampal information processing. We show that GABA-containing afferents originating in the septum innervate most of the GABA-containing interneurons in the hippocampus, making many synaptic contacts with each of them. Activation of the GABA-containing neurons in the septum is likely to lead to disinhibition of the principal neurons in the hippocampal formation and so this pathway is probably crucial in the induction of hippocampal electrical activity patterns, and may be involved in NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-mediated functions, such as memory, in a permissive manner.