The first discovery ofEucommia fruit fossil in China

A fruit of Eucommia has been recovered from the Eocene of Fushun, Liaoning Province. This represents the only confirmed occurrence of fruits of this genus in the paleobotanical record of China. Although Eucommia is endemic to central China today, the genus was more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Tertiary. The fossil specimen from Fushun corresponds closely to the fruits of E. montana Brown from the Eocene of western North America and is easily distinguished from fruits of the living E. ulmoides Oliv. and the Japanese Eocene species, E. kobayashii Huzioka by its smaller size.     

RNA cytosine methyltransferase Nsun3 regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation by promoting mitochondrial activity

Chemical modifications of RNA have been attracting increasing interest because of their impact on RNA fate and function. Therefore, the characterization of enzymes catalyzing such modifications is of great importance. The RNA cytosine methyltransferase NSUN3 was recently shown to generate 5-methylcytosine in the anticodon loop of mitochondrial tRNA^Met. Further oxidation of this position is required for normal mitochondrial translation and function in human somatic cells. Because embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are less dependent on oxidative phosphorylation than somatic cells, we examined the effects of catalytic inactivation of Nsun3 on self-renewal and differentiation potential of murine ESCs. We demonstrate that Nsun3-mutant cells show strongly reduced mt-tRNA^Met methylation and formylation as well as reduced mitochondrial translation and respiration. Despite the lower dependence of ESCs on mitochondrial activity, proliferation of mutant cells was reduced, while pluripotency marker gene expression was not affected. By contrast, ESC differentiation was skewed towards the meso- and endoderm lineages at the expense of neuroectoderm. Wnt3 was overexpressed in early differentiating mutant embryoid bodies and in ESCs, suggesting that impaired mitochondrial function disturbs normal differentiation programs by interfering with cellular signalling pathways. Interestingly, basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were not altered in ESCs, but Nsun3 inactivation attenuated induction of mitochondrial ROS upon stress, which may affect gene expression programs upon differentiation. Our findings not only characterize Nsun3 as an important regulator of stem cell fate but also provide a model system to study the still incompletely understood interplay of mitochondrial function with stem cell pluripotency and differentiation.     

低固相阳离子聚合物钻井液体系的研究

介绍了一种由聚季铵盐型有机阳离子聚合物（ＣＯＰ）、硝基腐殖酸（ＮＨｍ）、聚乙烯醇．（ＰＶＡ）、膨润土等配制的低国相阳离子聚合物钻井液体系．评价了该钻井液体系的粘度、切力、滤失性能、抑制性能以及抗盐、抗温能力，考察了该钻井液体系的抑制剂—有机阳离子聚合物与常用钻井液处理剂的配伍性能．含１０％ＮａＣｌ的低国相阳离子聚合物钻井液在１２０℃滚动１２ｈ后的性能如下：（１）密度为１．０８～１．０９ｇ／ｃｍ３；（２）ＰＨ值为６．５～７；（３）切力为１～４Ｐａ；（４）表观粘度为９～２４ｍＰａ·ｓ；（５）在常温０．７ＭＰａ下的ＡＰＩ滤失量为７．０～１３．４ｍｌ，在１２０℃、３．５ＭＰａ下的ＡＰＩ滤失量为２８～４３ｍｌ．页岩在１０％ＮａＣｌ水溶液、０．１％ＣＯＰ水溶液及该钻井液体系中的回收率分别为６５％～６８％，９１％，８７％～９１％．车铵盐型有机阳离子聚合物与阳离子型及非离子型钻井添加剂相配伍，但与复合离子型及阴离子型钻井液添加剂不配伍．该钻井液体系完善后可用作防塌钻井液     

八卦作为一种无零二进制数符系统的解说

文章根据原始民族的二进位记数法,与文献记载所谓伏羲八填,六十四卦的卦序,对八卦 ,六十四卦 的二进制数学意义进行了新的解说,认为八卦,六十四卦是在零的概念和符号产生以前,由１和２两个最原始的数构成的二进位位值制记数系统。     

山地灾害与经济建设风险度评价──以北碚区黑水滩河上游为例

以一个小流域为研究对象,将山地灾害与经济建设结合起来研究,并建立评价的数学模型,利用GIS（地理信息系统）处理和分析空间信息的功能优势,按模型的要求,将各灾种参评因子的评价分值图件和研究区域社会经济水平指数评分图件,在Calcomp33480型数字化仪和微机的支持下,输入GIS系统中,进行模型运算,然后利用GIS的聚类功能,获得不同等级的经济建设风险度分布图．     

ABC model and floral evolution

The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the relationship of reproductive organs between gnetophytes and angiosperms, new results in perianth evolution and identified homology of floral organs between dicots and monocots. The evo-devo studies on plant taxa at different evolutionary levels are useful to better understanding the homology of floral organs, and to clarifying the mysteries of the origin and subsequent diversification of flowers.     

平顶山盐岩力学特性及废弃盐腔稳定性分析

为了分析废弃盐腔的稳定性,对平顶山盐矿、盐岩、泥质硬石膏岩样进行单轴和三轴压缩试验以及蠕变试验,获得相应的力学特征。对平顶山盐矿某区压裂井、连通井和单井等建库完成后的腔体稳定性进行了数值模拟。结果表明,盐岩层呈现良好的延性变形特征,含泥质硬石膏岩夹层呈现脆性变形的特征。溶腔形状对腔体位移、应力分析以及稳定性等影响较大,从溶腔废弃开始到运行10a,道1井溶腔的最大位移出现在溶腔顶部靠右侧的位置,D1-2单井溶腔的最大位移出现在溶腔围岩边缘腰部位置,而L3-3压裂井溶腔顶部的位移值过大,溶腔顶部和底部已经坍塌,在泥岩夹层处应力集中现象比较明显。道1井溶腔左上角和右上角位置出现塑性区,D1-2单井溶腔顶部位置出现塑性区,在D1-1和D1-2溶腔群的矿柱之间出现了比较大的应力集中。在储气库运行期间,应该提高储气库的最低运行压力并缩短其在低压下的运行时间。     

不同环境中四川大头茶幼苗发生及幼苗消亡过程的研究

在４类１５种不同环境中，采用人为播种的方法，对四川大头茶一年生幼苗种群的发生及消亡过程进行了定位研究．结果表明，在不同环境中，四川大头茶幼苗的发生时机较一致，均集中在９月底至１０月初．其幼苗死亡的时间格局也较一致，主要集中在幼苗发生后的２０ｄ内以及１～２月份．除不同海拔梯度的３个群落中幼苗发生百分数无明显差异外，在其它环境梯度下，幼苗的发生百分数和死亡百分数都存在显著差异．幼苗死亡原因主要为鼠虫害、旱害、雨水冲刷、烂根，以及其它