Estimation of the rational water area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

The Ebinur Lake region was described as a ＂Green Labyrinth＂ in ＂Xinjiang Map Records： Records of Rivers＂ published in 1910, however, the ecology and environment in the region have been seriously degenerated due to the impacts of human activities during the recent 40 years. A dried-up lake basin with an area of 107.4 km^2 forms in its northwestern part, is covered by unconsolidated silt deposit without vegetation, and has become one of the main dust sources of dust weathers in north Xinjiang, and the dust with an annual amount of 4.8×10^6 t is blown out of the region by strong winds from the Alataw mountain-gap where there are 164 days occurring strong winds in a year. The rational water area and inflow of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effectively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin are estimated using the water balance equation after analyzing the current ecological problems and the relationship between the granular composition of deposit in the dried-up lake basin and the dust weathers, and the ecological effects in recent years are monitored. It is considered that the water area of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effectively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin should be 800 km^2at least, and the annual volume of surface runoff and groundwater recharging the lake should be over 7.92×10^8 m^3.     

IP网带宽测量技术综述

本文介绍了IP网带宽测量技术研究与进展,包括链路、路径带宽、可用带宽测量技术,论述了多种开源带宽测量工具,并对带宽测量技术的应用和研究进行了展望。     

Study on the biomass change derived from the hyperspectral data of cotton leaves in canopy under moisture stress

In this study, an ASD spectrometer made in USA is used to derive the hyperspectral data of cotton leaves in canopy in north Xinjiang. The integral area variables of red edge are used to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) content in cotton leaves in canopy. The first order differential of reflective spectra is carried out. The analysis methods based on the spectral position variables are derived from the first order differential spectral data. The analysis on the correlation between the integral area of red edge (SDr, regarded as the independent variable) and the TN content (regarded as the function) is carried out, and the correlation mathematical model between the integral area of red edge and the TN content in canopy leaves of cotton varieties named as Xinluzao No.6 is developed. The analysis on the correlation between the chlorophyll content and the TN content in single cotton leaves in canopy growing under the irrigation with different water volumes is carried out. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the chlorophyll content and the TN content (R = 0.8723, n = 39), and the data of chlorophyll content can be used to estimate the TN content in single cotton leaves; the correlation between the integral area variable of red edge and the TN content in cotton leaves in canopy is significant, their correlation coefficient is 0.7394 (n = 40), the TN contents in canopy leaves of cotton varieties named as Xinluzao No. 6 and No. 8 can be accurately estimated by using the developed model, and their RMSE values are 0.3859 and 0.4272 respectively. After researching, it is considered that there is an applying potential to use the integral area variables of red edge for estimating the TN content in cotton leaves in canopy, and the mathematical model developed with the third-side area variables has a high applying value in deriving the TN content in crop canopy. It is also considered that it is feasible to recognize the moisture stress suffered by cotton plants by researching the shift and change extent of red edge, and the key is to develop the corresponding rational recognition index system.

     

非天然氨基酸修饰蛋白质研究进展

蛋白质修饰是改善其物理化学和生物学特性的一种重要方法,目前已成为生物技术、生物催化和生物医学领域的研究热点.非天然氨基酸在蛋白质修饰中表现突出.介绍了非天然氨基酸种类及修饰方法,概述了其应用领域,以期为扩大利用此方法者提供参考.     

玛纳斯河下游绿洲土地利用变化对水资源利用的影响

为探究人类活动对干旱区玛纳斯河流域耗水规律的影响,选取玛纳斯河流域下游莫索湾绿洲为研究区域,以1990年、2000年和2007年的TM影像数据为基础,采用GIS空间分析技术计算了景观斑块的转移矩阵,分析了研究区下游土地利用的时空变化特征,并结合该流域历史水资源的利用状况分析了其土地利用变化与水资源分配之间的关系。结果表明,研究区内景观面积最大的是耕地,约占45.08%,其次为沙地和荒地,约占43.14%;各种景观在1990~2007年都发生了较大变化,其中草地的缩减最大,其次为林地,而增加最大的是荒地和沙地,其次为耕地。这表明玛纳斯河流域土地利用的变化致使其需水结构在向耗水的方向变化,因此,改善土地利用方式对提高玛纳斯河流域水资源的利用效率具有重要意义。     

基于MODIS的玛纳斯河流域冰川积雪覆盖变化特征的分析

为分析玛纳斯河流域冰川积雪覆盖的变化特征,应对气候变化条件下区域水资源的变化,以MODIS数据为基础,利用归一化差分积雪指数方法提取了玛纳斯河流域的冰川积雪覆盖面积,研究了该流域1998—2006年的冰川积雪覆盖变化。结果表明：该流域的年际冰川积雪覆盖区域的平均海拔高度在1998—2002年表现为下降过程,在2002—2006年表现为上升过程;1998～2001年冰川积雪面积有一个缓慢增大的过程,而自2001年以后,出现了年均8km^2左右稳步减小的过程;另外,该流域冰川积雪面积与平均温度、降水分别呈显著负相关和正相关关系。这说明气候变暖对玛纳斯河流域山区冰川积雪的消融有明显促进作用。     

Induction of cranial and posterior trunk neural crest by exogenous retinoic acid in zebrafish

Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in development of vertebrate embryos. We demonstrate impacts of exogenous RA on the formation of neural crest cells in zebrafish using specific neural crest markers sox9b and crestin. Treatment with all -trans RA at 10₋₇ mmol/L at 50% epiboly induces sox9b expression in the forebrain and crestin expression in the forebrain and midbrain, resulting in significant increase of pigment cells in the head derived from the cranial neural crest. In addition, RA treatment induces expression of sox9b and crestin in the caudal marginal cells of the neuroectoderm during early segmentation. Earlier commitment of these cells to the neural crest fate in the posterior margins leads to abnormal development of the posterior body, probably by preventing mingling of ventral derived and dorsal-derived cells during the formation of the tailbud.     

Somite-specific expression of a novel fibronectin variant FN3 is negatively regulated by SHH

Fibronectins (FNs) are major extracellular proteins in blood plasma and many tissues of vertebrates, and play important roles in adhesion, migration and differentiation of cells. We have identified a novel variant (FN3) of fibronectin in zebrafish. FN3 mRNA is abundant, as detected by whole-mount in situ hybridization, in the presomitic mesoderm and the newly formed somites, but less abundant in mature somites. Ectopic expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) results in a decrease of FN3 expression, whereas the expression level of FN3 increases in the flh mutants that lack the notochord. Our results suggest that FN3 may be involved in the formation of somites, but during somite differentiation its expression needs to be downregulated by signals derived from the axial tissues.     

低固相阳离子聚合物钻井液体系的研究

介绍了一种由聚季铵盐型有机阳离子聚合物（ＣＯＰ）、硝基腐殖酸（ＮＨｍ）、聚乙烯醇．（ＰＶＡ）、膨润土等配制的低国相阳离子聚合物钻井液体系．评价了该钻井液体系的粘度、切力、滤失性能、抑制性能以及抗盐、抗温能力，考察了该钻井液体系的抑制剂—有机阳离子聚合物与常用钻井液处理剂的配伍性能．含１０％ＮａＣｌ的低国相阳离子聚合物钻井液在１２０℃滚动１２ｈ后的性能如下：（１）密度为１．０８～１．０９ｇ／ｃｍ３；（２）ＰＨ值为６．５～７；（３）切力为１～４Ｐａ；（４）表观粘度为９～２４ｍＰａ·ｓ；（５）在常温０．７ＭＰａ下的ＡＰＩ滤失量为７．０～１３．４ｍｌ，在１２０℃、３．５ＭＰａ下的ＡＰＩ滤失量为２８～４３ｍｌ．页岩在１０％ＮａＣｌ水溶液、０．１％ＣＯＰ水溶液及该钻井液体系中的回收率分别为６５％～６８％，９１％，８７％～９１％．车铵盐型有机阳离子聚合物与阳离子型及非离子型钻井添加剂相配伍，但与复合离子型及阴离子型钻井液添加剂不配伍．该钻井液体系完善后可用作防塌钻井液     

Estimation of the rational wa-ter area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

The Ebinur Lake region was described as a “Green Labyrinth” in “Xinjiang Map Records: Records of Rivers” published in 1910, however, the ecology and environment in the region have been seriously degenerated due to the impacts of human activities during the recent 40 years. A dried-up lake basin with an area of 107.4 km² forms in its northwestern part, is covered by unconsolidated silt deposit without vegetation, and has become one of the main dust sources of dust weathers in north Xinjiang, and the dust with an annual amount of 4.8×10⁶ t is blown out of the region by strong winds from the Alataw mountain-gap where there are 164 days occurring strong winds in a year. The rational water area and inflow of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effectively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin are estimated using the water balance equation after analyzing the current ecological problems and the relationship be-tween the granular composition of deposit in the dried-up lake basin and the dust weathers, and the ecological effects in recent years are monitored. It is considered that the water area of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effec-tively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin should be 800 km² at least, and the annual volume of surface runoff and groundwater recharging the lake should be over 7.92×10⁸ m³.