Adhesion molecules and animal development

Summary In recent years considerable progress has been made in the identification and characterization of molecules that mediate cell adhesion during animal development. This review attempts to pick out from the vast amount of information in this rapidly expanding field some of the key features of adhesion molecules, to present ideas about their role in development, and to indicate the directions in which the field is now moving.     

The oak leaf roller (Archips semiferanus Walker) sex pheromone complex: Field and laboratory evaluation of requisite behavioral stimuli

Zusammenfassung Die früher als Bestandteile der von Abdominalextrakten des weiblichen Eichenblattrollers,Archips semiferanus Walker, festgestellten 21 Isomeren von Tetradecenyl-Acetat wurden mit der Elektroantennogram-(EAG) und der Fallenfang-Methode auf ihre Wirkung bei Männchen vonA. semiferanus geprüft. Während alle 21 Isomere sich als EAG-aktiv erwiesen, vermochten nur 17 Männchen anzulocken. Aktivitätsvergleiche der Isomeren haben gezeigt, dass zwischen den Resultaten der beiden Test-Methoden nur eine geringe Beziehung existiert.

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The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology and Pesticide Research Laboratory, University Park, Penna 16802, USA.

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Note added in proof: For a possible explanation of these results seeL. B. Hendry, J. K. Wichmann, D. M. Hindenlang, R. O. Mumma andM. E. Anderson, Science188, 59 (1975).     

Dependence on pH of polarized sorting of secreted proteins

The plasma membranes of epithelial cells are divided into apical and basolateral domains. These two surfaces are characterized by markedly different protein compositions, reflecting the ability of the cell to target newly synthesized membrane proteins to specific regions of the cell surface. This targeting capability is also apparent in the polarized release of secretory products. Recent studies using canine renal tubule (MDCK) cells have suggested that distinct sets of secretory proteins are released from their apical and basolateral poles. We report experiments designed to examine secretory protein sorting by MDCK cells. We have shown that secretion of basement membrane components (laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG] takes place from the basolateral cell surface and that this polarized release results from active sorting. The sorting process which mediates this polarized secretion requires an acidic intracellular compartment. MDCK cells treated with NH4Cl to raise the pH of their intracellular compartments, secrete laminin and HSPG by a default pathway which leads to their release in roughly equal quantities into the medium of both the apical and basolateral compartments.     

Oximinoacids in the inorganic nitrogen metabolism

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass in Zellen vonCryptococcus albidus und in Kulturlösung vonEndomycopsis lipolytica die Oxime bis zur Mitte der exponentiellen Zuwachsphase in steigenden Konzentrationen vorkommen, während sie in Ammonium-kultivierten Zellen fehlen.     

Activation of protein kinase C potentiates isoprenaline-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in rat pinealocytes

The pineal gland has proven to be an excellent model for the study of adrenergic control systems. Noradrenaline, released from sympathetic nerve terminals in the pineal gland, regulates a large nocturnal increase in melatonin synthesis by stimulating the activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT, EC 2.3.1.87) 30-70-fold. An essential step in both the induction and maintenance of high NAT activity is an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. Noradrenaline acts via beta-adrenoceptors to increase pineal cyclic AMP by activating adenylate cyclase, and the activation of pineal alpha 1-adrenoceptors potentiates beta-adrenergic stimulation not only of NAT but of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Here we describe investigations designed to test whether alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of beta-adrenergic stimulation of pineal cyclic AMP involves protein kinase C. Our results suggest that kinase activation is involved and the data provide the first demonstration of a synergistic interaction between Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and neurotransmitter-dependent stimulation of cyclic AMP.