Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

对新旧版《公路工程勘察设计招标文件》编制的体会

文章通过新旧版招标文件对比发现,新版招标文件增加了投标人与其他单位资产关联、隶属关系框图,有效避免了投标人与招标人均为同一集团公司的下属公司及自行招投标的情况发生.     

BP网络自适应学习率研究

分析了自适应学习率BP算法,并对其进行了总结分类,针对每一类介绍了几种具体的自适应学习率BP算法。最后结合XOR问题把一种自适应学习率BP算法和标准BP算法进行了比较和评价。     

玉米套种的栽培技术要点

简要介绍了玉米套种甘蓝复播架豆角的栽培技术及其收益.     

中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥自振特性分析

在分析中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥自振特性的基础上,考虑了各种结构参数(矢跨比、横撑的布置、桥面刚度和拱肋刚度、支撑条件等)对中承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的自振特性的影响,建立了拱桥的有限元空间计算模型,并将其应用于该类某市政桥的自振特性的计算,为该类桥的设计和检测提供参考.     

正交法在绿化基材配比中的应用

基础设施建设导致大量裸露边坡的产生,为保护生态环境的需要我们必须对其进行生态防护,厚层基材喷射绿化技术则是满足这一需要的有效手段,而基材的配比又是该技术的中心问题。现以实验为基础,详细地介绍了正交法在实验结果分析中的应用,有效地解决了基材配比中的难题,对工程实践的指导具有较强的现实意义。     

耐用品动态Bertrand模型

依据耐用品的市场容量随着时间发生变化的特点,修正了传统的Bertrand竞争模型,得到两阶段情形下的两个企业同时博弈的耐用品动态Bertrand模型及其所对应的价格均衡解.通过对模型的比较与分析可知,新模型是对传统模型的进一步扩展,并且能够适用于更为实际的竞争情形.     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛湖相沉积物的分子有机地球化学特征

报道了南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛湖相沉积物的分子有机地球化学特征．冻土湖沼沉积物的正烷烃往往以C₂₃为其主峰,源自于苔藓植物有机质的优势输入;南极乔治王岛湖相沉积物中富含异构和反异构脂肪酸,反映沉积区的细菌作用较强;脂肪酸C_18:2/C_18:0与甾醇ACI指标的剖面相关性,表明 C_18:2脂肪酸源自内生藻类．脂肪酸C_18:2/C_18:0比值的剖面变化反映区内11/9和3 kaBP气温较低;首次在南极淡水湖盆沉积物中检出长链不饱和酮化合物,推测其生源为定鞭金藻属藻类,其高C_37:4相对含量与南极严寒气候对应．     

Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina

The American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus has been introduced around the world, with invasive populations reported from almost all South American countries. A population of this species was introduced in the Calingasta department of San Juan province, which is an arid environment in western Argentina. This work provides information on the dietary composition of an invasive population of L. catesbeianus, and compares the degree of dietary overlap between adults and juveniles. Stomach contents of 169 bullfrogs (82 adults and 87 juveniles) were analysed. Adults consumed 40 prey taxa and Hymenoptera (Insecta) was the most numerous prey item (41.8%), followed by Araneae (13.6%) and Aeglidae (13.4%). Juveniles consumed 29 prey taxa and Hymenoptera constituted the highest percentage in prey number (77.2%). The trophic overlap niche index at the same level shows a value of 0.64 overlap in dietary community between adults and juveniles of this bullfrog. Aeglidae was volumetrically the most important trophic item (25.4%), followed by Anura (25.02%). Our results showed that cannibalism in bullfrogs is more common than the consumption of native anurans, coinciding with that reported in other populations of introduced bullfrogs. The high similarity in the diets of both size classes and the association between the size of the predator and prey suggest that the impact caused by bullfrogs throughout their ontogeny is high and probably has an impact on their prey. Freshwater crabs are the main items in the diet of Lithobates catesbeianus in other introduced populations and are usually the most conspicuous at our study site. The crabs in freshwater ecosystems are part of the lowest trophic level in the food chain. The major threats to the southern region’s freshwater crabs include deforestation, farming and exotic species. Lithobates catesbeianus has a generalist diet and high overlap between adults and juveniles.     

钢-混凝土组合梁附加挠度的能量法分析

钢梁与混凝土之间的相对滑移使钢-混凝土组合梁刚度降低,变形增大。文章从能量的角度,提出滑移效应下剪力连接件应变能公式;建立了钢-混凝土组合梁应变性能分析的微分方程;并对集中荷载下简支梁的挠曲线进行了实例求解;与换算截面法和有限元分析结果比较,验证了通过能量法求解滑移效应下组合梁挠度的可行性。