Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

对新旧版《公路工程勘察设计招标文件》编制的体会

文章通过新旧版招标文件对比发现,新版招标文件增加了投标人与其他单位资产关联、隶属关系框图,有效避免了投标人与招标人均为同一集团公司的下属公司及自行招投标的情况发生.     

基于模糊强化学习的双轮机器人姿态平衡控制

针对单轨双轮机器人在静止情况下存在的固有静态不稳定问题, 提出一种基于模糊强化学习(简称为Fuzzy-Q)的控制方法。首先,运用拉格朗日法建立带控制力矩陀螺的系统动力学模型。然后, 在此基础上设计表格型强化学习算法, 实现机器人的稳定平衡控制。最后,针对算法存在的控制精度不高和控制器输出离散等问题, 采用模糊理论泛化动作空间, 改善控制精度, 并使控制输出连续。仿真实验表明, 相较于传统强化学习方法, 所提方法能够显著提高控制精度, 且可以有效抑制外界干扰力矩对系统的影响, 保证系统具有一定的抗干扰能力。     

掺杂对高导MnZn铁氧体材料性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了高磁导率MnZn铁氧体材料.从分析材料微观结构入手,研究了SnO2和Nb2O5掺杂对高磁导率MnZn铁氧体材料性能的影响.Sn4 能进入尖晶石晶格内,由于电中性条件可使Fe3 转化为Fe2 并生成相对稳定的Sn4 -Fe2 对,从而有效补偿磁晶各向异性常数K1,且Sn4 可促进晶粒均匀生长,提高材料的起始磁导率及烧结密度,有效降低材料的比损耗因子.Nb2O5的添加起到细化晶粒的作用,可以改善材料的频率特性,降低材料损耗,磁导率稍有降低,但当Nb2O5的质量分数大于0.005%时会显著降低材料的起始磁导率.     

回流次数对Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu焊点特性的影响

研究了回流次数对Sn3．5Ag0．5Cu焊点特性的影响,采用扫描电镜SEM和光学显微镜对多次回流后Sn3．5Ag0．5Cu焊点界面金属间化合物（IMC）层的形貌和拉伸断裂断口形貌进行了分析．结果表明：随着回流次数的增加,焊点的宽度和金属间化合物的厚度增加;焊料和凸点下金属化层（UBM）之间界面上的IMC组织从针状逐渐粗化;焊料的拉伸强度有轻微变化;断裂面第一次回流焊后出现在焊料中,而多次回流焊后断裂面部分出现在焊料中,部分出现在UBM和焊料的界面中．     

预应力混凝土结构孔道摩擦系数κ和μ值实测分析

文章通过预应力混凝土梁实测数据并参考了国内外的相关研究资料。对预应力束的孔道摩擦系数κ和μ值进行了较深入的分析。对影响摩擦系数的因素进行了探讨,认为我国规范取值偏小,文章给出了实际摩擦系数取值的建议。     

Experimental studies on oxidizing removal of Cyclops of zooplankton

0 IntroductionCyclops couldn’t be effectively inactivated by theconventional disinfection such as chlorination due to itsstronger resistance to oxidation.In addition,the motilityof Cyclops makes it easily penetrate sand filter into theclean water tank in waterworks , even municipal servicepipe .Adult Cyclops , with body length of one to severalmillimeters, may be caught by naked eye to bring con-sumers unsanitary sense and may become disease trans-mission mediumas the host of pathogenic para…     

Effects of medium nutrition on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B production by suspension cell culture of Camptotheca acuminata

The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.     

一种新改进的DS/CDMA多用户检测器

提出了一种利用盲信号分离技术(BSS)与RAKE接收相结合的新多用户检测器.利用基于高阶累积量快速定点的独立分量分析(ICA)算法,从CDMA系统的多址干扰信号中较好地分离出需要用户的多径混合信号和多址干扰信号,进而通过RAKE接收需要的用户信号.     

用ASP和SQL Server建立高校科研信息管理系统

根据高校科研管理的特点对高校科研管理信息系统的需求进行了研究,提出了采用微软公司的ASP SQL Server系统的解决方案,该方案采用B rowser/Server结构,浏览器的客户端无需安装任何组件,就可以使用本系统的所有功能;探讨了该解决方案的需求分析、程序设计、程序测试的全过程,系统总结了建立高效率科研管理信息系统的方法.