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141.
Crow YJ Hayward BE Parmar R Robins P Leitch A Ali M Black DN van Bokhoven H Brunner HG Hamel BC Corry PC Cowan FM Frints SG Klepper J Livingston JH Lynch SA Massey RF Meritet JF Michaud JL Ponsot G Voit T Lebon P Bonthron DT Jackson AP Barnes DE Lindahl T 《Nature genetics》2006,38(8):917-920
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) presents as a severe neurological brain disease and is a genetic mimic of the sequelae of transplacentally acquired viral infection. Evidence exists for a perturbation of innate immunity as a primary pathogenic event in the disease phenotype. Here, we show that TREX1, encoding the major mammalian 3' --> 5' DNA exonuclease, is the AGS1 gene, and AGS-causing mutations result in abrogation of TREX1 enzyme activity. Similar loss of function in the Trex1(-/-) mouse leads to an inflammatory phenotype. Our findings suggest an unanticipated role for TREX1 in processing or clearing anomalous DNA structures, failure of which results in the triggering of an abnormal innate immune response. 相似文献
142.
Two new species of mites of the genus Premicrodispus Cross, 1965 (Acari: Microdispidae) are described and illustrated from northern Iran: Premicrodispus paramaevi Hosseininaveh and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. recovered from Lucanus ibericus (Col.: Lucanidae) and Premicrodispus spinosus Hosseininaveh and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. from Corticeus unicolor (Col.: Tenebrionidae). It is the first phoretic record of the microdispid mites on beetles of the family Tenebrionidae. A key to Palaearctic species of the genus Premicrodispus is provided.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:49368637-B8D0-4697-9184-28B33B89962A 相似文献
143.
Andreas Houben Ali Mohammad Banaei-Moghaddam Sonja Klemme Jeremy N. Timmis 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(3):467-478
B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable components of the genome exhibiting non-Mendelian inheritance and have been widely reported on over several thousand eukaryotes, but still remain an evolutionary mystery ever since their first discovery over a century ago [1]. Recent advances in genome analysis have significantly improved our knowledge on the origin and composition of Bs in the last few years. In contrast to the prevalent view that Bs do not harbor genes, recent analysis revealed that Bs of sequenced species are rich in gene-derived sequences. We summarize the latest findings on supernumerary chromosomes with a special focus on the origin, DNA composition, and the non-Mendelian accumulation mechanism of Bs. 相似文献
144.
This paper proposes various stages of the hepatitis B virus(HBV) besides its transmissibility and nonlinear incidence rate to develop an epidemic model. The authors plan the model, and then prove some basic results for the well-posedness in term of boundedness and positivity. Moreover, the authors find the threshold parameter R0, called the basic/effective reproductive number and carry out local sensitive analysis. Furthermore, the authors examine stability and hence condition for stability in terms of R0. By using sensitivity analysis, the authors formulate a control problem in order to eradicate HBV from the population and proved that the control problem actually exists. The complete characterization of the optimum system was achieved by using the 4~(th)-order Runge-Kutta procedure. 相似文献
145.
Optimization of cultural conditions for thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF-IA5 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The optimization of cultural conditions for β-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF-1A5 was investigated in flask trials. Temperature had great effect on β-glucanasc production which maximized atoptimal temperature of 37℃ and decreased significantly when temperature was over 37℃ . Charge quantity affected β-glucanasc production significantly. Adding oxygen vector N-dodecanc or acetic ether benefited β-glucanasc production, but it depended on the concentration and charge quantity. The results of fractional factorialdesign showed that age and size of inoculum and shaking speed were the key factors affecting β-glueanase production and the cultivation time span to reach the highest β-glucanasc activity. The optimal cultural conditionsfor p-glucanase production obtained with CCD were as follows: inoculum age and size (16 h, 3.82% (v/v)),shaking speed 210 r/rain, charge quantity of 30 mL in 250 mL flask and initial pH 7.0, cultured at 37℃ for 50 h. Repeated experimental results accorded with those predicted by a second-order polynomial model. The amount of p-glucanase, a-amylase and neutral protease produced by B subtills ZJF-1A5 was associated partially with cell growth. Those three enzymes‘ activities increased following the cell growth and increased signifi-cantly when cells entered the stationary phase. 相似文献
146.
Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics;thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19 (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load;these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not en-hanced because of the increase in porosity;in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3. 相似文献
147.
This research proposes a prediction model of multistage financial distress (MSFD) after considering contextual and methodological issues regarding sampling, feature and model selection criteria. Financial distress is defined as a three‐stage process showing different nature and intensity of financial problems. It is argued that applied definition of distress is independent of legal framework and its predictability would provide more practical solutions. The final sample is selected after industry adjustments and oversampling the data. A wrapper subset data mining approach is applied to extract the most relevant features from financial statement and stock market indicators. An ensemble approach using a combination of DTNB (decision table and naïve base hybrid model), LMT (logistic model tree) and A2DE (alternative N dependence estimator) Bayesian models is used to develop the final prediction model. The performance of all the models is evaluated using a 10‐fold cross‐validation method. Results showed that the proposed model predicted MSFD with 84.06% accuracy. This accuracy increased to 89.57% when a 33.33% cut‐off value was considered. Hence the proposed model is accurate and reliable to identify the true nature and intensity of financial problems regardless of the contextual legal framework. 相似文献
148.
Amir Zada Nauman Ali Fazle Subhan Natasha Anwar Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah Muhammad Ateeq Zahid Hussain Khair Zaman Momin Khan 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2019,29(2):138-144
The photocatalytic activities of g-C_3N_4 can be significantly improved by increasing life time of the photogenerated charges. Here, in this work we introduced TiO_2 as proper energy platform to accept the photogenerated electrons from g-C_3N_4 during photocatalysis. The nanophotocatalysts formed from the combination of a suitable amount of TiO_2 nanoparticles and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets showed 8.75 and 4.22% enhancement in photocatalytic activities for CO_2 reduction and 2-chlorophenol(2-CP) degradation under visible light illumination as compared to bare g-C_3N_4. Based on the surface photovoltage spectra, photoluminescence spectra and examination of formed hydroxyl radicals, it was confirmed that these enhanced photoactivities were attributed to the much-improved charge separation via the electron transfer from g-C_3N_4 to TiO_2. From trapping experiments,it was found that hydroxyl radicals were the major species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of 2-CP.This study is helpful to synthesize efficient photocatalysts to cope with energy and environmental issues. 相似文献
149.
Understanding of the crystal chemistry of the Earth's deep mantle has evolved rapidly recently with the gradual acceptance of the importance of the effect of minor elements such as aluminium on the properties of major phases such as perovskite. In the early Earth, during its formation and segregation into rocky mantle and iron-rich core, it is likely that silicate liquids played a large part in the transport of volatiles to or from the deep interior. The importance of aluminium on solubility mechanisms at high pressure has so far received little attention, even though aluminium has long been recognized as exerting strong control on liquid structures at ambient conditions. Here we present constraints on the solubility of argon in aluminosilicate melt compositions up to 25 GPa and 3,000 K, using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The argon contents reach a maximum that persists to pressures as high as 17 GPa (up to 500 km deep in an early magma ocean), well above that expected on the basis of Al-free melt experiments. A distinct drop in argon solubility observed over a narrow pressure range correlates well with the expected void loss in the melt structure predicted by recent molecular dynamics simulations. These results provide a process for noble gas sequestration in the mantle at various depths in a cooling magma ocean. The concept of shallow partial melting as a unique process for extracting noble gases from the early Earth, thereby defining the initial atmospheric abundance, may therefore be oversimplified. 相似文献
150.
The discovery of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs has ignited interest in the development of semiconductor technologies based on electron spin and has led to several proof-of-concept spintronic devices. A major hurdle for realistic applications of Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As, or other dilute magnetic semiconductors, remains that their ferromagnetic transition temperature is below room temperature. Enhancing ferromagnetism in semiconductors requires us to understand the mechanisms for interaction between magnetic dopants, such as Mn, and identify the circumstances in which ferromagnetic interactions are maximized. Here we describe an atom-by-atom substitution technique using a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and apply it to perform a controlled study at the atomic scale of the interactions between isolated Mn acceptors, which are mediated by holes in GaAs. High-resolution STM measurements are used to visualize the GaAs electronic states that participate in the Mn-Mn interaction and to quantify the interaction strengths as a function of relative position and orientation. Our experimental findings, which can be explained using tight-binding model calculations, reveal a strong dependence of ferromagnetic interaction on crystallographic orientation. This anisotropic interaction can potentially be exploited by growing oriented Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As structures to enhance the ferromagnetic transition temperature beyond that achieved in randomly doped samples. 相似文献