Structural Decomposition Analysis to Investigate the Changes in Energy Consumption in Pakistan

The world energy demand is increasing due to rapid growth in the global economy, industrialization, and urbanization. Pakistan is also confronted with increasing energy demand on one hand and is confronted with the challenge of energy demand-supply gap on the other hand. Since energy is the major driver for growth, it becomes important to investigate the trends of energy consumption in a country and the factors that are most affecting the changes in the use of energy. This particular study aims to investigate the use of energy by all the economic sectors of Pakistan during 2000–2012.The major contribution is the first time application of structural decomposition analysis(SDA) for energy usage along with using Input-Output data for the period of 2002–2012. The results show the fluctuation of the energy intensity of the sectors throughout the study period. Also, the overall effect of energy intensity is negative on energy consumption and it shows a negative contribution value of-80.90% for the study period. Furthermore, the focus on more energy-intensive products like cement,automobiles, iron, steel products and the increasing final demand of the economy contributes to the growth of energy consumption in Pakistan during 2000–2012.     

Degradation of phenylalanine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

Summary UV-irradiation of phenylalanine by 253.7 nm light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide formed 5 ninhydrin reactive products and ammonia. Four of them were identified as aspartic acid, serine, alanine and lysine.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Thanks are due to the Head of the Department for facilities and to. Mr.Rakesh C. Sharma for help.     

Mast cells enter a teleost's brain by Xth cranial nerve in response toDiplostomum phoxini (Trematoda)

Summary Experimental infection byDiplostomum phoxini of the brain of laboratory hatched and rearedPhoxinus phoxinus induces the migration along the Xth cranial nerve of periodic acid Schiff positive granular leucocytes (PAS-GLs). These differentiate and grow into cells that lie between the parasite and the neurones of the host. The transformed cells are associated with elevated levels of heparin and serotonin in the brain; little histamine was detected. The reactive cell is identified as a mast cell.This work was carried out with M.R.L. Johnston's guidance. Teresa Townshend is thanked for assistance with techniques to hatch and raiseP. phoxinus.     

Effects of intermediate Ni layer on mechanical properties of Al–Cu layered composites fabricated through cold roll bonding

Layered composites have attracted considerable interest in the recent literature on metal composites. Their mechanical properties depend on the quality of the bonding provided by the intermediate layers. In this study, we analyzed the mechanical properties and bond strengths provided by the nickel layer with respect to its thickness and nature (either powder or coating). The results suggest that bond strength decreases with an increase in the content of nickel powder. At 0.3vol% of nickel coating, we found the nature of nickel to be less efficient in terms of bond strength. A different picture arose when the content of nickel was increased and the bond strength increased in nickel coated samples. In addition, the results demonstrate that mechanical properties such as bend strength are strongly dependent on bond strength.     

Genetic diversity of rhizobial populations recovered from three Lotus species cultivated in the infra-arid Tunisian soils

gments from each strain based on the UPGMA algorithm from the combined patterns showed that Lotus isolates are very diverse and that they were affiliated to Sinorhizobium,Rhizobium,and Mesorhizobium genera.     

一种多特征综合的实时调度算法

随着科学技术的发展，在国民经济的各个领域中，实时调度算法有着广泛的应用，如交通管制、敏捷制造和电子商务等．实时调度算法主要包括：速度单调算法RM(Rate Monotonic)、截止期最早优先算法EDF(Earliest Deadline First)、最小裕度算法LSF(Least Slack First)、最高价值优先算法HVF(Highest Value First)、     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) were prepared via a reverse micelle method. The CFNPs were subsequently coated with carbon shells by means of thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD). In this process, acetylene gas (C₂H₂) was used as a carbon source and the coating was carried out for 1, 2, or 3 h at 750°C. The Ar/C₂H₂ ratio was 10:1. Heating during the TCVD process resulted in a NP core size that approached 30 nm; the thickness of the shell was less than 10 nm. The composition, structure, and morphology of the fabricated composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area diffraction. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to survey the samples’ magnetic properties. The deposited carbon shell substantially affected the growth and magnetic properties of the CFNPs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the carbon coating and revealed that the deposited carbon comprised graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and diamond- like carbon. With an increase in coating time, the intensity ratio between the amorphous and ordered peaks in the Raman spectra decreased, which indicated an increase in crystallite size.     

r-排列非递归生成算法及应用

提出一种利用回溯法生成r-排列的算法.该算法使用栈和队列,并引入标记已选元素的方法,避免了回溯时的重复选择.生成的r-排列具有分组和对称性,且符合字典序.此算法也能生成全排列.利用该算法提出了r-组合生成算法,分析了它们的时间和空间复杂度,并介绍了r-排列和r-组合算法在任务安排问题中的应用.