Two new species of the genus Premicrodispus (Acari: Microdispidae) associated with beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Tenebrionidae), with a key to Palaearctic species of the genus

Two new species of mites of the genus Premicrodispus Cross, 1965 (Acari: Microdispidae) are described and illustrated from northern Iran: Premicrodispus paramaevi Hosseininaveh and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. recovered from Lucanus ibericus (Col.: Lucanidae) and Premicrodispus spinosus Hosseininaveh and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. from Corticeus unicolor (Col.: Tenebrionidae). It is the first phoretic record of the microdispid mites on beetles of the family Tenebrionidae. A key to Palaearctic species of the genus Premicrodispus is provided.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:49368637-B8D0-4697-9184-28B33B89962A     

A single-step synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets decorated withcobalt hydroxide nanoflakes for the determination of dopamine

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(NrGO)sheets decorated with Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were prepared by a single-step hydrothermal process.The morphological and structural characterizations of as synthesized Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),EDX-mapping and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE)was used for electrochemical sensing of dopamine in neutral medium.The nanocomposite modified electrode showed enhanced electrochemical sensing ability for the detection of dopamine and the limit of detection(Lo D)was found to be 0.201μM with a sensitivity value of 0.0286±0.002 m A m M~(-1).Interference studies revealed that Nr GO@Co(OH)_2─GCE endow excellent selectivity for DA detection even in the presence of higher concentration of common co-existing physiological interfering analytes.Additionally,proposed sensor demonstrated excellent performance in urine samples with promising reproducibility and stability.     

Preparation,characterization, and antibacterial activity of γ-irradiated silver nanoparticles in aqueous gelatin

Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were obtained through γ-irradiation of aqueous solutions containing AgNO₃ and gelatin as a silver source and stabilizer, respectively. The absorbed dose of γ-irradiation influences the particle diameter of the Ag-NPs, as evidenced from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. When the γ-irradiation dose was increased (from 2 to 50 kGy), the mean particle size was decreased continuously as a result of γ-induced Ag-NPs fragmentation. The antibacterial properties of the Ag-NPs were tested against Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) (Gram-negative) bacteria. This approach reveals that the γ-irradiation-mediated method is a promising simple route for synthesizing highly stable Ag-NPs in aqueous solutions with good antibacterial properties for different applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) were prepared via a reverse micelle method. The CFNPs were subsequently coated with carbon shells by means of thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD). In this process, acetylene gas (C₂H₂) was used as a carbon source and the coating was carried out for 1, 2, or 3 h at 750°C. The Ar/C₂H₂ ratio was 10:1. Heating during the TCVD process resulted in a NP core size that approached 30 nm; the thickness of the shell was less than 10 nm. The composition, structure, and morphology of the fabricated composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area diffraction. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to survey the samples’ magnetic properties. The deposited carbon shell substantially affected the growth and magnetic properties of the CFNPs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the carbon coating and revealed that the deposited carbon comprised graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and diamond- like carbon. With an increase in coating time, the intensity ratio between the amorphous and ordered peaks in the Raman spectra decreased, which indicated an increase in crystallite size.     

负载型钯催化剂用于氯代芳烃Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展

Suzuki交叉偶联反应是一类典型的形成碳-碳单键的反应,是以金属钯(Pd)为催化剂,卤代芳烃与有机硼酸化合物进行的交叉偶联反应.相对于传统仅用价廉易得的氯代芳烃化合物为反应原料的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,负载型Pd催化剂有着催化高效、分离简便、可重复使用等优点.简述了不同载体负载的Pd催化剂对于氯代芳烃的Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展.     

Optimization of cultural conditions for thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF-IA5

The optimization of cultural conditions for β-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF-1A5 was investigated in flask trials. Temperature had great effect on β-glucanasc production which maximized atoptimal temperature of 37℃ and decreased significantly when temperature was over 37℃ . Charge quantity affected β-glucanasc production significantly. Adding oxygen vector N-dodecanc or acetic ether benefited β-glucanasc production, but it depended on the concentration and charge quantity. The results of fractional factorialdesign showed that age and size of inoculum and shaking speed were the key factors affecting β-glueanase production and the cultivation time span to reach the highest β-glucanasc activity. The optimal cultural conditionsfor p-glucanase production obtained with CCD were as follows: inoculum age and size (16 h, 3.82% (v/v)),shaking speed 210 r/rain, charge quantity of 30 mL in 250 mL flask and initial pH 7.0, cultured at 37℃ for 50 h. Repeated experimental results accorded with those predicted by a second-order polynomial model. The amount of p-glucanase, a-amylase and neutral protease produced by B subtills ZJF-1A5 was associated partially with cell growth. Those three enzymes‘ activities increased following the cell growth and increased signifi-cantly when cells entered the stationary phase.     

Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by GPS receivers in Antarctica

The paper examines the propagation direction and velocity of largescale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) during extreme geomagnetic storms in the 23rd solar cycle (e.g., October 2003 and No-vember 2003 storms) using GPS observations. In the analysis, the time delay between the vertical total electron content (VTEC) structures at Scott Base, McMurdo, Davis and Casey GPS stations and the distance between these stations were the main parameters in the determination of LSTIDs propagation speed and di...     

纳米技术的原理——以分子为基础在小系统中研究凝聚态物质

纳米技术是当前最感兴趣的课题，本书重点介绍以分子为基础在小系统中研究凝聚态物质，为理解纳米技术提供必要的基础知识。     

浅谈维吾尔语术语标准化的必要性及标准化原则

摘要 文章叙述了维吾尔语术语的历史和发展状况,通过对维吾尔语术语标准化原则的讨论,说明了维吾尔语术语的规范化工作的重要意义和方法。维吾尔语言文字是维吾尔族的重要特征之一,她与维吾尔民族文化的发展有着密切的联系。现用维吾尔文的前身就是察哈台语,我们祖先当初与阿拉伯语接触之前一直用着古代维吾尔语,随着信仰伊斯兰教,阿拉伯文的社会地位也逐渐提高了,也就自然地排除了古代维吾尔文,因而就形成以阿拉伯文字为基础的维吾尔文——察哈台语(从14世纪到20世纪30年代)。1930年以后随着新疆排版事业的发展,察哈台语也就成为维吾尔语里不是独立音位的阿拉伯语专用的字母。经过多次讨论、调查研究制定出了维吾尔语的字母,而且也增加了维吾尔语不可缺少的,使用频率很高的几个元音(按照一个元音用一个音位表达的原则)字母,其顺序也重新确定了,并在1954年4月23日前新疆省政府21次委员会议上通过。但是由于历史缘故,从1954年到1982年用的是拉丁文字母为基础的维吾尔语新文字。现用的维吾尔文于1984年1月1日重新使用。我们正处在信息时代,随着科学技术的飞速发展,新事物、新概念和新技术不断涌现,用维吾尔语准确表达、命名和使用新术语是一项重要的工作,也是一项基础性的系统工程。如果我们不重视术语标准化工作,就不可能学习、推广和普及现代科学技术,更谈不上民族的进步。术语标准化是语言文字规范化工作的重要前提和基础。因为一个民族和地区对语言文字规范化工作的重视程度主要表现在该民族语言术语标准化程度的高低,以及该地区、该民族在教育和科技等方面的发展程度。如果术语不统一、不规范,就会影响各种信息的记录、交流和传播,从而也影响经济发展和社会进步。维吾尔语名词术语的规范和统一不是简单的筛选过程,而是在充分把握术语的科学性、系统性和实践性的基础上,按照现代科学技术的主流,从维吾尔语的实际出发,科学地辨别和挑选,认真处理新词术语的科学性、系统性和通俗性的关系,母学科与子学科的交叉关系等一系列过程。维吾尔语名词术语的审定原则早在20世纪50年代自治区民族语言文字工作机构成立时就已提出。1986年,少数民族语言名词术语规范审定委员会成立时,在总结过去经验的基础上,制定了术语标准化“从实际出发,按照维吾尔语言内部规律办事,着眼于群众”的总原则。实践证明,在继续坚持这项总原则的基础上还需要制定一些具体原则和细则。语言文字是为社会和广大人民群众服务的,不从实际出发,不充分着眼于人民群众,不重视使用习惯,不按照维吾尔语的内部规律办事,将会阻碍维吾尔语的正常发展。维吾尔语的术语标准化原则从大的方面来讲可归纳为以下三点：1.挖掘：口语是文字语言的基础,也是书面语形成和发展的基础,因此,可以采用维吾尔语中固有的,可赋予新义的词汇,以及具有生命力的方言土语,和群众在日常生活中习惯使用的词汇来补充和丰富维吾尔语术语。例如：2.创制：也就是按照维吾尔语的内部规律给原有的词根加前缀或后缀来创制新词语。为了使维吾尔语的发展与社会发展要求相适应,创制新词语也是一种有效的途径,是维吾尔语不断发展的标志。例如：3.借用：指直接采用汉语及亲属民族语言词汇,以及外国语词和国际通用名词术语。世界上没有不受其他语言影响的纯而又纯的语言,维吾尔语也不例外。但是在借词问题上应注意适当的比重。实际上,社会科学术语用维吾尔语固有的基础词汇表达的多些,自然科学术语则少些。如果处理好这个问题,不但不影响该民族语言的独立性,而且还能丰富本民族的语言,这对本民族未来的发展有利而无害。由于历史的缘故,社会和地理环境等原因,各种语言相互渗透,相互影响是很自然的。维吾尔语借用术语首先要从亲属语言中借用。维吾尔语的畜牧业术语中有一部分就是从哈萨克语中借来的,当然也有其他亲属语言词汇。例如：通过音译的方法吸收汉语借词也是丰富维吾尔词汇的有效途径之一,而且有些词汇是人民群众早已习惯并在书面语中已定型的术语,一般不能轻易改动。例如：在外语借词方面,文革前后从俄语或通过俄语从其他外国语言中借的词汇较多。因为那时我们在文化、教育、科学技术、经贸等方面与苏联的来往很频繁,故一些新词术语尤其是科技术语的渗透也是不可避免的。这类外语借词往往采用音译为主的原则。例如：从20世纪80年代开始,随着世界信息技术的突飞猛进,英语的使用领域逐渐扩大,维吾尔语中从英语或通过英语从其他外国语言中吸收的术语越来越多了。在对英、俄借词方面则用符合维吾尔语音规则的音译为主的原则。这主要体现在信息科学、经贸、计算机学科等领域中。例如：对人民群众已经习惯了的术语不轻易改动,否则会造成新的混乱而不利于名词的统一。在借词问题上有一部分人过分强调保持维语的纯洁性,提出对一些术语进行修改的意见。例如：如果对以上已经习惯了的借词术语改动,就会对维吾尔语族的发展造成不利影响,而且这些词汇可以说是在维吾尔语中没有什么借词痕迹的词了。维吾尔语借用国际通用的术语时,主要遵循音译为主,意译为副的原则。维吾尔文字是拼音文字,音位系统也很完善,所以在借用国际上通用的术语时,根据维吾尔语能发音,能拼音的特点,直接借用这是一种简便的方法,而且能与原术语保持一致。总之,维吾尔语名词术语的规范审定工作开展得较晚,而且缺乏人力和必要的经费,任务繁重。十几年来,经过努力已把规范审定过的常用术语及科技术语汇编入《维吾尔语详解词典及正字法词典》、《常用名词术语汇编》。科技术语和常用术语总共规范审定了8万条。我们埋头苦干作出了一些成绩,但是要做好维吾尔语术语标准化工作不是一朝一夕的事,也不是一两个人就能做好的事,应该得到全社会的普遍重视和长期不断努力。这样才能逐步形成一个规范化、系统化、准确化的维吾尔语术语体系,才能达到术语发展与科学技术发展同步进行的最终目的。