全文获取类型
收费全文 | 171篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 20篇 |
丛书文集 | 1篇 |
理论与方法论 | 1篇 |
现状及发展 | 40篇 |
研究方法 | 13篇 |
综合类 | 145篇 |
自然研究 | 6篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有226条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Infield superconducting properties of {(Ag)_x/CUTl-1223};(x = 0, 0.5,1.0.2.0 and 4.0 wt %) nanoparticlessuperconductor composites were investigated under different applied magnetic field up to H = 8 T. The increase in critical temperature {T_c(0)} and decrease in normal state resistivity(p_o) were observed with increasing contents of Ag nanoparticles in CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix. The value of T_c~(onset)(K) remained almost unaffected by applying external magnetic field, but a decreasing trend in T_c(0) was observed by increasing the value of external applied magnetic field. The transition region below T_c~(onset)(K) showed Arrhenius behavior due to thermally activated flow of magnetic vortices. Enhancement in flux flow activation energy(U_o) and suppression in transition width(ΔT) of CuTl-1223 phase with addition of Ag nanoparticles showed the improvement in flux pinning strength of superconductor. 相似文献
82.
Specifications of inclusions such as the type, morphology, number, composition, size, and place of inclusions in HK40 heat-resistant casting steel were studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy system. The effects of calcium silicide (CaSi) addition on these characteristics were evaluated at two pouring temperatures of 1420℃ and 1470℃. It was found that most of the appeared inclusions were in the type of chromium oxide. CaSi addition had a significant effect on the morphological modification, size and distribution of inclusions as well as changing the composition to oxide-sulfide compounds. 相似文献
83.
Genetic diversity of rhizobial populations recovered from three Lotus species cultivated in the infra-arid Tunisian soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mokhtar Rejili Maria Jos Lorite Mosbah Mahdhi Juan Sanjuan Pinilla Ali Ferchichi Mohamed Mars 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2009,19(9):1079-1087
Eighty-three bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of Lotus creticus, L. pusillus, and L. arabicus grown in infra-arid Tunisian soils were characterized using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic analysis, rep-PCR and PCR-RFLP analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. Phenotypically, all isolates are fast growers the majority of which grow at a pH of between 5.5 and 9. Most of the tested isolates tolerate NaCl concentrations from 1.39% to 3.48%. By rep-PCR fingerprinting, the genomic similarity varied from 30% to 98%. All tested isolates were clustered into 32 rep-PCR clusters at the similarity level of 80%. The genomic divergence of strains revealed by rep/PCR analysis appeared to be very important since a molecular polymorphism delimiting symbionts for each species of Lotus was identified. With the high-resolution of rep-PCR profiles of the isolates obtained using Pearson’s/UPGMA analysis, the isolates were resolved into 60 different profiling groups to undergo 16S ARDRA analyses. The analysis of all restriction fragments from each strain based on the UPGMA algorithm from the combined patterns showed that Lotus isolates are very diverse and that they were affiliated to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Mesorhizobium genera. 相似文献
84.
以2-吡咯基三氯乙酮为主要原料,经过乙二醇单酯化、羟基氯取代、环合三步反应制得了3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4](噁)嗪-1-酮;又经过Friedel-Crafts酰基化和环合反应制得了未见文献报道的7-芳酰基-3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4](噁)嗪-1-酮.它们及其某些重要中间体的结构分别采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱以及高分辨率质谱进行了表征. 相似文献
85.
Shah SP Roth A Goya R Oloumi A Ha G Zhao Y Turashvili G Ding J Tse K Haffari G Bashashati A Prentice LM Khattra J Burleigh A Yap D Bernard V McPherson A Shumansky K Crisan A Giuliany R Heravi-Moussavi A Rosner J Lai D Birol I Varhol R Tam A Dhalla N Zeng T Ma K Chan SK Griffith M Moradian A Cheng SW Morin GB Watson P Gelmon K Chia S Chin SF Curtis C Rueda OM Pharoah PD Damaraju S Mackey J Hoon K Harkins T Tadigotla V Sigaroudinia M Gascard P Tlsty T Costello JF Meyer IM Eaves CJ Wasserman WW 《Nature》2012,486(7403):395-399
Primary triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), a tumour type defined by lack of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and ERBB2 gene amplification, represent approximately 16% of all breast cancers. Here we show in 104 TNBC cases that at the time of diagnosis these cancers exhibit a wide and continuous spectrum of genomic evolution, with some having only a handful of coding somatic aberrations in a few pathways, whereas others contain hundreds of coding somatic mutations. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that only approximately 36% of mutations are expressed. Using deep re-sequencing measurements of allelic abundance for 2,414 somatic mutations, we determine for the first time-to our knowledge-in an epithelial tumour subtype, the relative abundance of clonal frequencies among cases representative of the population. We show that TNBCs vary widely in their clonal frequencies at the time of diagnosis, with the basal subtype of TNBC showing more variation than non-basal TNBC. Although p53 (also known as TP53), PIK3CA and PTEN somatic mutations seem to be clonally dominant compared to other genes, in some tumours their clonal frequencies are incompatible with founder status. Mutations in cytoskeletal, cell shape and motility proteins occurred at lower clonal frequencies, suggesting that they occurred later during tumour progression. Taken together, our results show that understanding the biology and therapeutic responses of patients with TNBC will require the determination of individual tumour clonal genotypes. 相似文献
86.
The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Curtis C Shah SP Chin SF Turashvili G Rueda OM Dunning MJ Speed D Lynch AG Samarajiwa S Yuan Y Gräf S Ha G Haffari G Bashashati A Russell R McKinney S;METABRIC Group Langerød A Green A Provenzano E Wishart G Pinder S Watson P Markowetz F Murphy L Ellis I Purushotham A Børresen-Dale AL Brenton JD Tavaré S Caldas C Aparicio S 《Nature》2012,486(7403):346-352
87.
Aynajian P da Silva Neto EH Gyenis A Baumbach RE Thompson JD Fisk Z Bauer ED Yazdani A 《Nature》2012,486(7402):201-206
In solids containing elements with f orbitals, the interaction between f-electron spins and those of itinerant electrons leads to the development of low-energy fermionic excitations with a heavy effective mass. These excitations are fundamental to the appearance of unconventional superconductivity and non-Fermi-liquid behaviour observed in actinide- and lanthanide-based compounds. Here we use spectroscopic mapping with the scanning tunnelling microscope to detect the emergence of heavy excitations with lowering of temperature in a prototypical family of cerium-based heavy-fermion compounds. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the tunnelling process to the composite nature of these heavy quasiparticles, which arises from quantum entanglement of itinerant conduction and f electrons. Scattering and interference of the composite quasiparticles is used to resolve their energy-momentum structure and to extract their mass enhancement, which develops with decreasing temperature. The lifetime of the emergent heavy quasiparticles reveals signatures of enhanced scattering and their spectral lineshape shows evidence of energy-temperature scaling. These findings demonstrate that proximity to a quantum critical point results in critical damping of the emergent heavy excitation of our Kondo lattice system. 相似文献
88.
Arshad Mahmoo R. Rashi U. Aziz A. Shah Zahid Ali Qaiser Raz Tanveer Ashraf 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2015,25(1):22-28
Zn1-xNixTe thin films with different composition(x=0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique followed by its characterization using advanced structural and optical analysis techniques. Structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The XRD patterns revealed that the binary compounds transformed into a ternary compound with cubic structure having preferred orientation along the c-direction with(111) planes. Composition analysis of the films was determined by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX) and found to be in agreement with the precursor composition. Optical properties such as extinction coefficient(k) and band gap energy of these films were examined by using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. It was found that the extinction coefficient(k) increased with the addition of Ni content in the alloy. In comparison, the band gap energy was also determined by using transmission spectra and found to be agreed with that of the ellipsometric results. These analyses confirm that the band gap energy decreases with the increase of Ni content in the alloy. 相似文献
89.
组件计算是堆物理计算中的一个重要环节.用WIMS-SN系统计算含可燃毒物组件时,出现比较大的误差,不适宜低温供热堆含可燃毒物组件的计算.文中分析其计算过程,改进了该程序系统,使它可应用于含可燃毒物燃料组件计算.研究发现用WIMS棒束模型计算钆棒栅元归并截面时,使用的能谱是无钆燃料区的能谱,因此会带来较大误差.为了避免这种情况发生,在输运计算中必采用多群多区模型.通过与TPFAP程序校算,二者差别较小,说明该程序系统可以应用于低温供热堆的物理设计. 相似文献
90.
核电站蒸汽发生器出现故障的几率较高。为减少蒸汽发生的质量和体积 ,提出用降压闪蒸的方法来产生蒸汽以替代蒸汽发生器。结合 10 MW核供热堆海水淡化系统 ,分析了闪蒸器蒸汽发生系统的特点。改进设计后 ,闪蒸器的体积比蒸发器小 4 0 % ,质量小约 80 % ;使用闪蒸器旁路调节对改善运行特性起很大作用。该设计拟用于摩洛哥核能海水淡化示范系统中。 相似文献