全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3738篇 |
免费 | 90篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 123篇 |
丛书文集 | 3篇 |
教育与普及 | 8篇 |
理论与方法论 | 31篇 |
现状及发展 | 1091篇 |
研究方法 | 139篇 |
综合类 | 2397篇 |
自然研究 | 58篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 59篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 24篇 |
2012年 | 173篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 231篇 |
2004年 | 537篇 |
2003年 | 512篇 |
2002年 | 177篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 152篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 64篇 |
1978年 | 44篇 |
1977年 | 34篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 39篇 |
1974年 | 61篇 |
1973年 | 56篇 |
1972年 | 57篇 |
1971年 | 72篇 |
1970年 | 61篇 |
1969年 | 69篇 |
1968年 | 64篇 |
1967年 | 48篇 |
1966年 | 62篇 |
1965年 | 43篇 |
1964年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有3850条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Pt nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method.The average diameter of Pt nanoparticles was determined to be 2.5nm by TEM.The electrochemical propertis of Pt nanoparticles were studied by cyclic voltammetry,In comparison with massive Pt,the oxidation current peak of CO adsorbed on Pt nanoparticles in broader.Twin adsorbates of CO on Pt nanoparticles were determined by in situ FTIRS for the first time.It has revealed that the linear and twin-bonded CO can be converted into bridge-bonded CO with the variation of electrode potential.A series of special properties of Pt nanoparticles,such as enhanced IR absorption of CO adsorbates,were also observed. 相似文献
22.
Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
Jin YH Clark AB Slebos RJ Al-Refai H Taylor JA Kunkel TA Resnick MA Gordenin DA 《Nature genetics》2003,34(3):326-329
Most errors that arise during DNA replication can be corrected by DNA polymerase proofreading or by post-replication mismatch repair (MMR). Inactivation of both mutation-avoidance systems results in extremely high mutability that can lead to error catastrophe. High mutability and the likelihood of cancer can be caused by mutations and epigenetic changes that reduce MMR. Hypermutability can also be caused by external factors that directly inhibit MMR. Identifying such factors has important implications for understanding the role of the environment in genome stability. We found that chronic exposure of yeast to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium, a known human carcinogen, can result in extreme hypermutability. The mutation specificity along with responses in proofreading-deficient and MMR-deficient mutants indicate that cadmium reduces the capacity for MMR of small misalignments and base-base mismatches. In extracts of human cells, cadmium inhibited at least one step leading to mismatch removal. Together, our data show that a high level of genetic instability can result from environmental impediment of a mutation-avoidance system. 相似文献
23.
Receptive field plasticity of neurons in rat auditory cortex 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
YANGWenwei GAOLixia SUNXinde 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(13):1364-1369
Using conventional electrophysiological technique, we investigated the plasticity of the frequency receptive fields (RF) of auditory cortex (AC) neurons in rats. In the AC, when the frequency difference between conditioning stimulus frequency (CSF) and the best frequency (BF) was in the range of 1--4 kHz, the frequency RF of AC neurons shifted. The smaller the differences between CSF and BF, the higher the probability of the RF shift and the greater the degree of the RF shift. To some extent, the plasticity of RF was dependent on the duration of the session of conditioning stimulus (CS). When the frequency difference between CSF and BF was bigger, the duration of the CS session needed to induce the plasticity was longer. The recovery time course of the frequency RF showed opposite changes after CS cessation.The RF shift could be induced by the frequency that was either higher or lower than the control BF, demonstrating no clear directional preference. The frequency RF of some neurons showed bidirectional shift, and the RF of other neurons showed single directional shift. The results suggest that the frequency RF plasticity of AC neurons could be considered asan ideal model for studying plasticity mechanism. The present study also provides important evidence for further study of learning and memory in auditory system. 相似文献
24.
LUO Mingfang XING Jianmin GOU Zhongxuan LI Shan XIE Yuchun LIU Huizhou & CHEN Jiayong Young Scientist Laboratory of Separation Science Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engi-neering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Correspondence should be addressed to Liu Huizhou 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(4):328-332
The existence of sulfur in the petroleum would erode the transport lines and poison the chemical catalysts. In addition, it is the main cause of air pollution and the for-mation of acid rain. At present, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the commonly used technology for fuel desulfu-rization. HDS has the disadvantages of high cost of ma-nipulation and equipment investment. Furthermore, HDS is difficult to remove the sulfur from condensed thio-phenes such as dibenzothiophene (DBT). These forms… 相似文献
25.
汽车离合器传动片是离合器传递载荷的重要零件 ,承受复杂载荷 ,而汽车离合器传动片设计方法的研究却不多 笔者分析了汽车离合器传动片工作时的各种受力情况及其变形量的大小 ,给出了传动片设计计算的双端固定梁的力学模型和进行强度、稳定性校核准则 ,并进行了应力和变形试验 ,试验结果与理论计算基本吻合 相似文献
26.
Zhang Hai-long Li Jun Liu Chang-guo Jiang Tian-hua Wei jun School of Civil Engineering Mechanics Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan Hubei China 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2003,8(4):1121-1125
0 IntroductionXiantaoHanjiangRiverHighwayBridgelocatesonnorth westsuburbofXiantaocity ,crossesovertheHanjiangRiv er.Thecable stayedbridgeisasingle towersystemwiththespansof (5 0 + 82 + 180 )m .Thenon symmetricalstructureisusedheresothatthemainpiercankeepoffthemainchannel.Thesectionofthegirderisnotconstantinorderthatthedeadloadcanbeinbalancealthoughthespansaredifferent.Thedeckwidthis 2 3m (notincludingthewidthofthecablelane) ,laterallayoutisthatofdouble directionfour lanewithoutsidewalk ,b… 相似文献
27.
During the past several years, the research and development of InP material has made great progress due to serving as the substrate for most optoelectronic devices operating at the communications wavelength of 1.31 and 1.55 μm. At present, InP has become an important semiconductor material together with Si and GaAs. When compared to GaAs, InP has higher electron velocity, higher radiation hardness and better heat-conducting property. The advantage of InP crystal material allows higher frequency operation and lower power requirements. Therefore, InP is widely being used for the manufacture of microwave devices, high-frequency devices and optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) which are indispensable for wireless technology, satellite communications[1—3]. Although n-type and p-type InP can meet actual needs, semi-insulating InP substrates remain to be improved due to their poor uniformity and consistency. For this reason, several possible approaches have been reported to the preparation of SI InP by wafer annealing under different conditions[4—9]. 相似文献
28.
YUWeiping YANGXiaoping WANGGuangming 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(14):1446-1449
In the present work, it was studied that nanoosized NiO electrodes doping with C and Co were prepared by electrochemical deposition in an ethanol solution containing nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate and sintering processes. The capacitance performance of such electrodes was also studied. The results reveal that samples obtained by electrochemical deposition first on a porous nickel cathode in an ethanol solution contain 0.5 mol/L nitrates, in which Ni(NO3)2 and Co(NO3)2 were mixed in a molar proportion of 8 : 2. After sintering at 300℃ for 2 h, they exhibited the best performance. XRD analysis illustrates that the essential phase of the product is NiO doping with certain content of C and Co. The particles of product imaged a spherical morphology with sizes of 20---30 nm in diameter, and with an average crystal size of 4--5 nm. The capacitance measurement of the simulating C/NiO capacitors indicates that a single electrode can reach as high as 410.0 F/g, and still maintain the value of 323 F/g after 30 recycles showed as a stabilized value with increasing recycles, when it was discharged at a current of 5 mA. 相似文献
29.
Advances and applications of electrohydrodynamics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
CHENXiaopeng CHENGJiusheng YINXiezhen 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(11):1055-1063
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) has been applied in many areas, such as EHD enhanced heat transfer, EHD pump, electrospray mass spectrometry, electrospray nanotechnology, etc. The basic theories underlying these applications and a brief review of the EHD advances are presented in this paper. As electrospray is an important branch of EHD,the applications of electrospray are particularly discussed.Finally, this paper gives some suggestions for the future research and development. 相似文献
30.
YAN Wenwu YANG Limin WANG Qiuquan 《科学通报(英文版)》2005,50(16):1714-1720
The effects of lanthanum at different concentrations on the related photosynthetic activities of Hill reaction, Mg^2+-ATPase and Ca^2+-ATPase in spinach chloroplast were studied. Experimental results showed that lanthanum can increase all the activities at suitable concentration (15-30 mg· L^-1), however, it behaves toxically on them when over used (60 mg. L^-1). To get an improved understanding of the mechanism of lanthanum effects on the photosynthesis of spinach, the different subcomponents in the chloroplast of the cultured spinach were isolated, and the content of lanthanum in each subcomponent was determined by ICP-MS. The results obtained indicated that among these different subcomponents, about 90% out of the total chloroplast lanthanum was located in photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) while there was little lanthanum in photosystem Ⅰ (PS Ⅰ). Moreover, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) coupled with online UV and ICP-MS detections was novelly used for locating lanthanum binding sites in PS Ⅱ proteins for the first time. It was found that lanthanum has two binding sites in PS Ⅱ: La associates with chlorophyll together with magnesium in PS Ⅱ by partly replacing magnesium and also shares the common binding sites of PS Ⅱ proteins together with the inorganic cofactors of calcium and manganese, influencing the process of photosynthesis. 相似文献