水耕植物过滤法对溶解性氮磷去除的影响因子

为改善水耕植物过滤法(HBFM)对溶解性氮、磷的去除效果,通过室内模拟试验定量分析HBFM试验床中植物吸收、底泥释放及生物脱氮3个影响因子的作用.试验结果表明:底泥NH4 -N释放速率滤床上游高出中游及下游的1.6～3倍;水相的高溶解氧条件抑制了底泥释放PO43--P;试验床中植物平均氮吸收量、底泥平均氮释放量和微生物平均脱氮量分别为352.9,492.8和153.1 mg/(m2·d),植物吸收与微生物脱氮量之和近似等于底泥氮释放量.因此合理控制底泥清除周期减少底泥释放量,是提高HBFM溶解性氮、磷去除能力的重要途径之一.     

Biochemical studies of pigments from a pathogenic fungusMicrosporum cookei. V. Evidence for the transmembrane permeability of xanthomegnin across phospholipid bilayer membranes

Summary Direct evidence is provided for the transmembrane permeation of xanthomegnin across phospholipid bilayer mebranes using ascorbate-loaded liposomes. This process may be associated with an uncoupling effect on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria.     

利用近红外彩色成像技术监测松萎蔫病 Katsunori Nakamura, Mamoru Takehana, Tsuneo Itagaki, Hayato Tashiro,Kazumasa Ohta,Osamu Nakakita

有效监测患病株方法的缺失是导致对松萎蔫病难以成功控制的主要原因之一。利用航空手段调查该病导致的针叶颜色变化已被证明是一种可靠的方法。为了克服该方法固有的缺点，笔者引用了近红外彩色胶片航拍方法。该项技术在获得正摄航拍图像时，通过图像处理可以增强松针颜色变化，获得较直接拍摄图像更明显的色差。因为图像可以在室内仔细处理，因此能解决飞行时间缺乏等问题。但是，该方法也存在对被压木无法获得其影像而漏检的缺陷。笔者研发的计算机软件可以将目标树标记在计算机图像文件上，并且标记树的地理位置数据和背景航拍图像并传输到装有内置GPS接收器的掌上电脑中，借助软件产生的图像导航定位系统，有利于地面接近标记树，从而可以现场检查和校正标记树的数据，并将修正数据传回至主机。此方法利用最新航拍图像技术建立对每株树处理和管理的连续资料，大大改善了防控松萎蔫病的措施。     

Biochemical studies of pigments from a pathogenic fungus Microsporum cookei. V. Evidence for the transmembrane permeability of xanthomegnin across phospholipid bilayer membranes.

Direct evidence is provided for the transmembrane permeation of xanthomegnin across phospholipid bilayer membranes using ascorbate-loaded liposomes. This process may be associated with an uncoupling effect on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria.     

Structure and function of a membrane component SecDF that enhances protein export

Protein translocation across the bacterial membrane, mediated by the secretory translocon SecYEG and the SecA ATPase, is enhanced by proton motive force and membrane-integrated SecDF, which associates with SecYEG. The role of SecDF has remained unclear, although it is proposed to function in later stages of translocation as well as in membrane protein biogenesis. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus SecDF at 3.3?? resolution, revealing a pseudo-symmetrical, 12-helix transmembrane domain belonging to the RND superfamily and two major periplasmic domains, P1 and P4. Higher-resolution analysis of the periplasmic domains suggested that P1, which binds an unfolded protein, undergoes functionally important conformational changes. In vitro analyses identified an ATP-independent step of protein translocation that requires both SecDF and proton motive force. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that SecDF conducts protons in a manner dependent on pH and the presence of an unfolded protein, with conserved Asp and Arg residues at the transmembrane interface between SecD and SecF playing essential roles in the movements of protons and preproteins. Therefore, we propose that SecDF functions as a membrane-integrated chaperone, powered by proton motive force, to achieve ATP-independent protein translocation.     

一个基于CSF4的多集群网格计算平台的设计与实现

设计并实现了一个基于WSRF的网格计算平台, 该系统基 于Globus Toolkit 4, 集成了元调度器CSF4, 本地调度器SGE5.3/6.0, LSF6.0和openPBS2.3 .16以及数据网格系统Gfarm. 在功能上, 该系统可协同本地及远程的资源管理器, 支持WS GRAM和Pre WS GRAM（GT2 Gatekeeper）的协作, 支持完全地委托用户代理证书; 在任 务管理上, 该系统提供了排队服务, 并支持定制调度策略; 另外, 该系统支持LSF, PBS, SGE, Condor等多种资源管理器类型.     

Complex zeolite structure solved by combining powder diffraction and electron microscopy

Many industrially important materials, ranging from ceramics to catalysts to pharmaceuticals, are polycrystalline and cannot be grown as single crystals. This means that non-conventional methods of structure analysis must be applied to obtain the structural information that is fundamental to the understanding of the properties of these materials. Electron microscopy might appear to be a natural approach, but only relatively simple structures have been solved by this route. Powder diffraction is another obvious option, but the overlap of reflections with similar diffraction angles causes an ambiguity in the relative intensities of those reflections. Various ways of overcoming or circumventing this problem have been developed, and several of these involve incorporating chemical information into the structure determination process. For complex zeolite structures, the FOCUS algorithm has proved to be effective. Because it operates in both real and reciprocal space, phase information obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images can be incorporated directly into this algorithm in a simple way. Here we show that by doing so, the complexity limit can be extended much further. The power of this approach has been demonstrated with the solution of the structure of the zeolite TNU-9 (|H9.3|[Al9.3Si182.7O384]; ref. 10) with 24 topologically distinct (Si,Al) atoms and 52 such O atoms. For comparison, ITQ-22 (ref. 11), the most complex zeolite known to date, has 16 topologically distinct (Si,Ge) atoms.     

TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity

Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I; also called DDX58) is a cytosolic viral RNA receptor that interacts with MAVS (also called VISA, IPS-1 or Cardif) to induce type I interferon-mediated host protective innate immunity against viral infection. Furthermore, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which contain a cluster of a RING-finger domain, a B box/coiled-coil domain and a SPRY domain, are involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and antiviral activity. Here we report that the amino-terminal caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) of RIG-I undergo robust ubiquitination induced by TRIM25 in mammalian cells. The carboxy-terminal SPRY domain of TRIM25 interacts with the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I; this interaction effectively delivers the Lys 63-linked ubiquitin moiety to the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I, resulting in a marked increase in RIG-I downstream signalling activity. The Lys 172 residue of RIG-I is critical for efficient TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination and for MAVS binding, as well as the ability of RIG-I to induce antiviral signal transduction. Furthermore, gene targeting demonstrates that TRIM25 is essential not only for RIG-I ubiquitination but also for RIG-I-mediated interferon- production and antiviral activity in response to RNA virus infection. Thus, we demonstrate that TRIM25 E3 ubiquitin ligase induces the Lys 63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, which is crucial for the cytosolic RIG-I signalling pathway to elicit host antiviral innate immunity.     

利用近红外彩色成像技术监测松萎蔫病

有效监测患病株方法的缺失是导致对松萎蔫病难以成功控制的主要原因之一.利用航空手段调查该病导致的针叶颜色变化已被证明是一种可靠的方法.为了克服该方法固有的缺点,笔者引用了近红外彩色胶片航拍方法.该项技术在获得正摄航拍图像时,通过图像处理可以增强松针颜色变化,获得较直接拍摄图像更明显的色差.因为图像可以在室内仔细处理,因此能解决飞行时间缺乏等问题.但是,该方法也存在对被压木无法获得其影像而漏检的缺陷.笔者研发的计算机软件可以将目标树标记在计算机图像文件上,并且标记树的地理位置数据和背景航拍图像并传输到装有内置GPS接收器的掌上电脑中,借助软件产生的图像导航定位系统,有利于地面接近标记树,从而可以现场检查和校正标记树的数据,并将修正数据传回至主机.此方法利用最新航拍图像技术建立对每株树处理和管理的连续资料,大大改善了防控松萎蔫病的措施.