Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional growth factor that has profound regulatory effects on many developmental and physiological processes. Disruption of the TGF-beta 1 gene by homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem cells enables mice to be generated that carry the disrupted allele. Animals homozygous for the mutated TGF-beta 1 allele show no gross developmental abnormalities, but about 20 days after birth they succumb to a wasting syndrome accompanied by a multifocal, mixed inflammatory cell response and tissue necrosis, leading to organ failure and death. TGF-beta 1-deficient mice may be valuable models for human immune and inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft versus host reactions.     

Short alanine-based peptides may form 3(10)-helices and not alpha-helices in aqueous solution.

Short alanine peptides, containing 16 or 17 residues, appear to form alpha-helices in aqueous solution. But the main spectroscopic analyses used on helical peptides (circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance) cannot distinguish between an alpha-helix (in which the ith residue is hydrogen-bonded to residue i + 4; ref. 9) and the next most common peptide helix, the 3(10)-helix10 (i-->i + 3 hydrogen-bonding). To address this problem we have designed single and doubly spin-labelled analogues of alanine-based peptides in which the nitroxide spin label forms an unbranched side chain extending from the sulphur atom of a cysteine residue. Here we report the circular dichroism, Fourier-transform infrared and electron-spin resonance spectra of these peptides under helix-forming conditions. The infrared absorbance gives an amide I' band with a frequency that is substantially different from that observed for alpha-helices. The electron-spin resonance spectra of doubly labelled helices show that the ranking of distances between side chains, around a single turn (residues 4-8), is inconsistent with an alpha-helical structure. Our experiments suggest that the more likely peptide geometry is a 3(10)-helix.     

加强高校师德建设的思考

良好师德是建设高素质教师队伍的前提.加强师德建设既是建设高素质教师队伍的需要,也是推进教育教学改革,提高整个国民素质,增强国家综合实力的需要.师德兴则教育兴,教育兴则民族兴.……     

大学教育内容的发展趋势

随着社会的进步和人类的发展,大学教育内容的确定问题日益复杂和迫切.面对现代世界和其中发生的各种迅速变化向教育体系提出日益增多的要求,如何避免课程的超载?按照哪些标准来选择教学的科目与教学模式?怎样在重要的科目之间保持平衡?怎样为每个科目选定最基本的、首要的和较次要的内容?在教育内容中加强理论和实践之间的联系可采取什么途径与办法?设计教育内容等等都是构筑教育内容新体系之前首先要思考的又是特别棘手的问题.……     

The failing heart.

Cardiomyopathies are disorders affecting heart muscle that usually result in inadequate pumping of the heart. They are the most common cause of heart failure and each year kill more than 10,000 people in the United States. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of conditions, with knowledge of the genetic basis for cardiomyopathies perhaps seeing the largest advance, enabling clinicians to devise improved diagnostic strategies and preparing the stage for new therapies.     

就业结构的变化趋势与高等教育结构的调整(上)

就业结构是一个动态的概念,其影响的因素是多方面的. 　　一、影响就业结构的主要因素 　　就我国目前的状况分析,影响就业结构的主要是:世界经济社会发展的宏观大背景;我国刚刚加入世贸组织;我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情三大因素. 　　……     

A calcium sensor in the sodium channel modulates cardiac excitability.

Sodium channels are principal molecular determinants responsible for myocardial conduction and maintenance of the cardiac rhythm. Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a fundamental role in the coupling of cardiac myocyte excitation and contraction, yet mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ may directly modulate Na channel function have yet to be identified. Here we show that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, binds to the carboxy-terminal 'IQ' domain of the human cardiac Na channel (hH1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This binding interaction significantly enhances slow inactivation-a channel-gating process linked to life-threatening idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Mutations targeted to the IQ domain disrupted CaM binding and eliminated Ca2+/CaM-dependent slow inactivation, whereas the gating effects of Ca2+/CaM were restored by intracellular application of a peptide modelled after the IQ domain. A naturally occurring mutation (A1924T) in the IQ domain altered hH1 function in a manner characteristic of the Brugada arrhythmia syndrome, but at the same time inhibited slow inactivation induced by Ca2+/CaM, yielding a clinically benign (arrhythmia free) phenotype.     

复线电气化区段施工感应电对人体的危害及防护对策

感应电会对人体造成伤害。从电磁感应和静电感应原理入手，分析了产生感应电的过程，并就如何防止感应电的危害提出了防护对策，有一定实用价值。     

PB在企业管理系统中与多种数据库的连接

分析了使用面向对象数据库软件Power Builder开发煤气公司一表一卡管理系统过程中，对SQL Server和Visual Foxpro两种不同数据库的连接，提出了解决新系统与旧系统的数据兼容问题。