全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39902篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 174篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 164篇 |
丛书文集 | 606篇 |
教育与普及 | 100篇 |
理论与方法论 | 125篇 |
现状及发展 | 18212篇 |
研究方法 | 1550篇 |
综合类 | 18840篇 |
自然研究 | 596篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 275篇 |
2012年 | 520篇 |
2011年 | 1097篇 |
2008年 | 661篇 |
2007年 | 777篇 |
2006年 | 702篇 |
2005年 | 750篇 |
2004年 | 818篇 |
2003年 | 679篇 |
2002年 | 730篇 |
2001年 | 1134篇 |
2000年 | 1098篇 |
1999年 | 763篇 |
1994年 | 383篇 |
1992年 | 705篇 |
1991年 | 533篇 |
1990年 | 617篇 |
1989年 | 571篇 |
1988年 | 573篇 |
1987年 | 588篇 |
1986年 | 657篇 |
1985年 | 809篇 |
1984年 | 566篇 |
1983年 | 522篇 |
1982年 | 459篇 |
1981年 | 470篇 |
1980年 | 549篇 |
1979年 | 1275篇 |
1978年 | 1016篇 |
1977年 | 926篇 |
1976年 | 757篇 |
1975年 | 827篇 |
1974年 | 1131篇 |
1973年 | 979篇 |
1972年 | 1045篇 |
1971年 | 1212篇 |
1970年 | 1553篇 |
1969年 | 1249篇 |
1968年 | 1146篇 |
1967年 | 1117篇 |
1966年 | 1030篇 |
1965年 | 753篇 |
1964年 | 289篇 |
1959年 | 397篇 |
1958年 | 772篇 |
1957年 | 566篇 |
1956年 | 454篇 |
1955年 | 413篇 |
1954年 | 449篇 |
1948年 | 329篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
341.
在室内装潢方面,人们较注重室内布局和装饰,而对给水管道则极少关注.应引起足够的重视。在建筑给水系统中由新型塑料管材替代金属管材已成为趋势。所以,室内给水管应选用新型塑料管材,并且应根据新型塑料管材的特点进行施工。确保给水系统的安装质量。 相似文献
342.
浅析市场经济条件下水资源管理的三大转变 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
史寒冰 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):71-72
在市场经济条件下,水资源管理要实现三大转变:一是由传统防范和利用意识向市场资源型转变,建立起水的资源观、可持续利用观和价值观;二是由行政管水的运行机制向水市场体系转变,逐步建立起市场调节与政府调控相结合的新的管理机制;三是由政出多门的管理体制向水务一体化管理体制转变,建立起“统一、高效、负责”的水务一体化管理体制。 相似文献
343.
韩德宏 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):83-84
在对山西省水资源开发利用所面临的问题进行剖析的基础上。提出了合理开发地下水资源、拉制水资源污染、发展节水工程和实行水资源的统一管理等科学、合理开发利用水资源的对策。 相似文献
344.
李爱民 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):117-119
水功能区的划分是实现水资源综合开发、合理利用、积极保护、科学管理的基础工作。根据“全国水功能区划技术细则”,结合对山西省黄河流域的自然、社会情况,尤其是水资源状况的综合分析,系统介绍了水功能区划的方法,对山西省黄河流域河流地表水进行了水功能区划并提出管理建议。 相似文献
345.
以BALB/C小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(BALB/C3T3)作为靶细胞,经20mmol/L醋酸钠平衡后的CM—Sepharose(CMS)吸附过的胎牛血清作为基础培养血清,应用[3-(4,5-dimethylthi—azolyl)-2,5-diphenyhetrazolium bromide,MTT]方法测定血小板源生长因子(platelet—derived growth factor,PDGF)诱导细胞增殖的生物活性,结果表明,该方法具有良好的量效关系,且精确度、重现性均较高。 相似文献
346.
唐晓涛 《玉林师范学院学报》2004,25(4):36-39
唐朝以前,桂东地区的封建庄园经济。土地私有制已有所发展,而桂西地区大体上仍停留在前封建制阶段,社会经济相当落后,尤其是农业经济与桂东有着相当大的差距。唐朝统治者审时度势,根据当时广西社会发展的变化,调整了其治桂政策,在桂东地区设立正州正县,而在桂西地区则继续沿袭前代的的羁縻政策。 相似文献
347.
As a newly developed precision technology, casting-forging complex near net forming process is utilized to produce complex components with a short lead time, low cost and high precision, thus to accelerate the response speed of the market and enhance the competitive power of products. In this paper, the casting-forging complex near net forming process of alternator claw pole was developed and investigated with a combination of experimental and numerical simulation method. Qualified near net workpiece was manufactured, mechanical parameter and relative field information during the forming process was also obtained. While the alternator claw-pole is processed with this technology, the forming force is small, the process is short and the quality of forgings is perfect. Therefore, the complex casting-forging near net forming process of claw-pole is an energy and material saving technology, which will have a vast developing and application prospect in the future. 相似文献
348.
The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, '93-11' is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of 'Guang lu ai 4' appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers (46 InDels and 53 SSRs) polymorphic between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng's index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng's index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as '93-11' and 'Nipponbare', respectively. Some polymorphic loci between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars. 相似文献
349.
350.
Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data. 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
A Brazma P Hingamp J Quackenbush G Sherlock P Spellman C Stoeckert J Aach W Ansorge C A Ball H C Causton T Gaasterland P Glenisson F C Holstege I F Kim V Markowitz J C Matese H Parkinson A Robinson U Sarkans S Schulze-Kremer J Stewart R Taylor J Vilo M Vingron 《Nature genetics》2001,29(4):365-371
Microarray analysis has become a widely used tool for the generation of gene expression data on a genomic scale. Although many significant results have been derived from microarray studies, one limitation has been the lack of standards for presenting and exchanging such data. Here we present a proposal, the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME), that describes the minimum information required to ensure that microarray data can be easily interpreted and that results derived from its analysis can be independently verified. The ultimate goal of this work is to establish a standard for recording and reporting microarray-based gene expression data, which will in turn facilitate the establishment of databases and public repositories and enable the development of data analysis tools. With respect to MIAME, we concentrate on defining the content and structure of the necessary information rather than the technical format for capturing it. 相似文献