生物医学研究热点及意义

生物医学研究是目前发展最快、令人振奋的科技领域。本文概述了生物医学的发展趋势，并对生物医学前沿领域的研究热点，如基因组、蛋白质组、细胞信号转导机制、干细胞研究、神经科学研究、生物信息学等进行了分析。对生物技术领域的研究热点，如生物芯片技术、高效基因转移系统技术、组织工程技术和干细胞定向分化技术、基因敲除和敲入技术、克隆技术等进行了综述。提出研究中应该注意针对研究热点选题，注意多学科交叉和集团作战，同时注意知识产权保护。     

五台山滹沱群SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄: 华北克拉通早元古代拼合新证据

采自五台山台怀镇南8 km处滹沱群变质火山-沉积岩层中的长英质凝灰岩样品含有两组锆石, 所记录的SHRIMP锆石方法²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄分别为2180±5 Ma和2087±9 Ma. 在误差范围内, 较老的一组年龄与五台山大洼梁花岗岩年龄相当, 表明它们来自相似的地壳岩浆源; 而较年轻的一组锆石年龄与相邻地区阜平杂岩湾子表壳岩中变沉积岩和变火山岩及南营花岗片麻岩年龄相当, 因而被解释为滹沱群火山作用年龄. 这两组年龄的存在表明: (1) 滹沱群形成于早元古代而非太古宙; (2) 早元古代火山-沉积作用在五台和阜平地区同时间发生. 这样, 早元古代沉积作用在该区是广泛的, 它们代表了华北克拉通东部陆块西侧大陆边缘相沉积. 滹沱群火山作用年龄的确定也表明该群所经历的变质-变形事件发生在2087±9 Ma 之后, 这进一步佐证我们最近根据其他方面研究结果所得出的吕梁造山事件(约1.8 Ga)是该区主要构造事件的结论: 该事件导致华北克拉通东部陆块和西部陆块的最终拼合, 并成为全球早-中元古代超级大陆组成部分之一.     

一类带有奇异项的临界椭圆方程正解的存在性

研究了一类带有负指数项和Sobolev-Hardy临界项的半线性椭圆方程，运用变分法证明了正解的存在性。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

Spectrum characteristics and pump wavelengths of Nd3+-doped double-clad fiber

Conclusion The optimum wavelength of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber laser or amplifier made in China is near 830 nm. The efficiency of Nd³⁺-doped double-clad fiber devices pumped by 820-nm laser is low due to ESA. In order to increase the photochemical stability of the outer cladding, the material of the outer cladding must be advanced.     

卟吩质子化过程结构变化的理论研究

用ＡＭ１ＭＯ方法计算了质子化卟吩的构型，并通过结构分析、电荷布局分析和前线轨道分析，讨论了其质子化过程的构型变化及Ｒａｍａｎ光谱变化的原因。     

Two classes of metabolites fromTheonella swinhoei are localized in distinct populations of bacterial symbionts

The marine spongeTheonella swinhoei (lithistid Family Theonellidae, Order Astrophorida) has yielded many important, bioactive natural products, most of which share structural features with bacterial natural products. The presence of microbial symbionts inT. swinhoei has been reported, and it was originally suggested that the cytotoxic macrolide swinholide A and many of the bioactive cyclic peptides fromT. swinhoei were all produced by symbiotic cyanobacteria. By transmission electron microscopy, we found four distinct cell populations to be consistently present inT. swinhoei: eukaryotic sponge cells, unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, unicellular cyanobacteria and filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Purification and chemical analyses of each cell type showed the macrolide swinholide A to be limited to the mixed population of unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, and an anti-fungal cyclic peptide occurred only in the filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Contrary to prior speculation, no major metabolites were located in the cyanobacteria or sponge cells.