首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   36198篇
  免费   450篇
  国内免费   567篇
系统科学   498篇
丛书文集   697篇
教育与普及   252篇
理论与方法论   133篇
现状及发展   12154篇
研究方法   1286篇
综合类   21722篇
自然研究   473篇
  2015年   332篇
  2014年   403篇
  2013年   564篇
  2012年   770篇
  2011年   1265篇
  2010年   533篇
  2009年   528篇
  2008年   963篇
  2007年   1065篇
  2006年   895篇
  2005年   906篇
  2004年   875篇
  2003年   808篇
  2002年   897篇
  2001年   1229篇
  2000年   1119篇
  1999年   958篇
  1998年   369篇
  1997年   381篇
  1996年   381篇
  1994年   317篇
  1992年   716篇
  1991年   539篇
  1990年   555篇
  1989年   523篇
  1988年   498篇
  1987年   465篇
  1986年   488篇
  1985年   596篇
  1984年   406篇
  1983年   333篇
  1981年   319篇
  1980年   371篇
  1979年   872篇
  1978年   678篇
  1977年   652篇
  1976年   521篇
  1975年   513篇
  1974年   770篇
  1973年   640篇
  1972年   705篇
  1971年   766篇
  1970年   1071篇
  1969年   840篇
  1968年   723篇
  1967年   748篇
  1966年   711篇
  1965年   529篇
  1958年   525篇
  1957年   361篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
941.
To identify renally expressed genes that influence risk for hypertension, we integrated expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the kidney with genome-wide correlation analysis of renal expression profiles and blood pressure in recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). This strategy, together with renal transplantation studies in SHR progenitor, transgenic and congenic strains, identified deficient renal expression of Cd36 encoding fatty acid translocase as a genetically determined risk factor for spontaneous hypertension.  相似文献   
942.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are thought to have a causal role in many age-related pathologies. Here we identify mtDNA deletions as a driving force behind the premature aging phenotype of mitochondrial mutator mice, and provide evidence for a homology-directed DNA repair mechanism in mitochondria that is directly linked to the formation of mtDNA deletions. In addition, our results demonstrate that the rate at which mtDNA mutations reach phenotypic expression differs markedly among tissues, which may be an important factor in determining the tolerance of a tissue to random mitochondrial mutagenesis.  相似文献   
943.
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes, which have lost hepatic uricase activity, leading to uniquely high serum uric acid concentrations (200-500 microM) compared with other mammals (3-120 microM). About 70% of daily urate disposal occurs via the kidneys, and in 5-25% of the human population, impaired renal excretion leads to hyperuricemia. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout, an inflammatory arthritis that results from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint. We have identified genetic variants within a transporter gene, SLC2A9, that explain 1.7-5.3% of the variance in serum uric acid concentrations, following a genome-wide association scan in a Croatian population sample. SLC2A9 variants were also associated with low fractional excretion of uric acid and/or gout in UK, Croatian and German population samples. SLC2A9 is a known fructose transporter, and we now show that it has strong uric acid transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.  相似文献   
944.
基于数据手套的逼真虚拟手的实现   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
任程  戴树岭 《系统仿真学报》2008,20(22):6214-6217
在基于头盔、数据手套的虚拟现实系统中虚拟手的实现效果十分重要,传统的虚拟手模型将手掌和各手指分割为多个刚体,当虚拟手运动时在刚体连接处产生重叠或裂缝,严重影响了沉浸感。在此根据虚拟手的运动特点对其进行整体建模,并快捷地对数据手套采集的原始关节数据进行校正,在可编程图形硬件上利用顶点混合算法将校正后的数据作用于虚拟手模型来产生皮肤变形,在满足实时性的同时提供了逼真的视觉效果。最后还通过搭建实验系统验证了所述方法的可行性。  相似文献   
945.
The thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in the development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in all vertebrates by affecting the expression of different sets of genes. A group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoproteins known as deiodinases control thyroid hormone action by activating or inactivating the precursor molecule thyroxine that is secreted by the thyroid gland. These pathways ensure regulation of the availability of the biologically active molecule T3, which occurs in a time-and tissue-specific fashion. In addition, because cells and plasma are in equilibrium and deiodination affects central thyroid hormone regulation, these local deiodinase-mediated events can also affect systemic thyroid hormone economy, such as in the case of non-thyroidal illness. Heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the deiodinases can be a component in both the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and the TGR-5 signaling cascade, a G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids. These new mechanisms involved in deiodinase regulation indicate that local thyroid hormone activation and inactivation play a much broader role than previously thought. Received 29 August 2007; received after revision 11 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007  相似文献   
946.
Anandamide is a lipid messenger that carries out a wide variety of biological functions. It has been suggested that anandamide accumulation involves binding to a saturable cellular component. To identify the structure(s) involved in this process, we analyzed the intracellular distribution of both biotinylated and radiolabeled anandamide, providing direct evidence that lipid droplets, also known as adiposomes, constitute a dynamic reservoir for the sequestration of anandamide. In addition, confocal microscopy and biochemical studies revealed that the anandamide-hydrolase is also spatially associated with lipid droplets, and that cells with a larger adiposome compartment have an enhanced catabolism of anandamide. Overall, these findings suggest that adiposomes may have a critical role in accumulating anandamide, possibly by connecting plasma membrane to internal organelles along the metabolic route of this endocannabinoid. S. Oddi, F. Fezza: These authors contributed equally to the study.  相似文献   
947.
Cajal bodies (CBs) and Gems are nuclear domains that contain factors responsible for spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis. The marker protein for CBs is coilin. In addition to snRNPs, coilin and other factors, canonical CBs contain the survivor of motor neuron protein (SMN). SMN can also localize to Gems. Considering the important role that coilin plays in the formation and composition of CBs, we tested the splicing efficiency of several cell lines that vary in regards to coilin level and modification using an artificial reporter substrate. We found that cells with both hypomethylated coilin and Gems are more efficient at reporter splicing compared to cells in which SMN localizes to CBs. In contrast, coilin reduction, which induces Gem formation, decreases cell proliferation and artificial reporter splicing. These findings demonstrate that coilin modifications or levels impact artificial reporter splicing, possibly by influencing snRNP biogenesis. Received 26 December 2007; received after revision 5 February 2008; accepted 7 February 2008  相似文献   
948.
949.
Bile acids and bile alcohols in the form of their conjugates are amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism with multiple physiological functions. The great variety of bile acids and bile alcohols that are present in vertebrates are tabulated. Bile salts have an enterohepatic circulation resulting from efficient vectorial transport of bile salts through the hepatocyte and the ileal enterocyte; such transport leads to the accumulation of a pool of bile salts that cycles between the liver and intestine. Bile salt anions promote lipid absorption, enhance tryptic cleavage of dietary proteins, and have antimicrobial effects. Bile salts are signaling molecules, activating nuclear receptors in the hepatocyte and ileal enterocyte, as well as an increasing number of G-protein coupled receptors. Bile acids are used therapeutically to correct deficiency states, to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile, or to decrease the cytotoxicity of retained bile acids in cholestatic liver disease.  相似文献   
950.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Planarians possess amazing abilities to regulate tissue homeostasis and regenerate missing body parts. These features reside on the presence of a population of pluripotent/totipotent stem cells, the neoblasts, which are considered as the only planarian cells able to proliferate in the asexual strains. Neoblast distribution has been identified by mapping the cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine, analyzing mitotic figures and using cell proliferation markers. Recently identified molecular markers specifically label subgroups of neoblasts, revealing thus the heterogeneity of the planarian stem cell population. Therefore, the apparent totipotency of neoblasts probably reflects the composite activities of multiple stem cell types. First steps have been undertaken to understand how neoblasts and differentiated cells communicate with each other to adapt the self-renewal and differentiation rates of neoblasts to the demands of the body. Moreover, the introduction of molecular resource database on planarians now paves the way to renewed strategies to understand planarian regeneration and stem cell-related issues.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号