各向异性的气体-颗粒介质内的二通量辐射传热模型

二通量模型是计算气体-颗粒平板内辐射热通量的简化方法. 在最初的二通量模型中, 辐射场被假设成在半球方向的各向同性. 但是对于燃烧领域的气体-颗粒混合介质, 颗粒的散射通常都是各向异性的, 这样, 原有的二通量模型就会由于忽略各向异性而产生严重的误差. 文中一个多层四通量模型被运用到包含气体-颗粒混合物的辐射热通量的计算. 给出了模型的解析求解过程, 定义了等价的平均交叉系数h和前向散射率z来描述整个平板散射的各向异性. 为了验证模型的准确性, 计算了一个无限大平板内的辐射传递过程, 并与解析结果进行了比较. 结果表明提出的模型能够得到准确的结果, 对原有的二通量模型具有较好的改进作用. 运用本模型计算含有飞灰/CO₂/H₂O的燃烧产物的辐射传递, 所得到的平板发射率与Goodwin的经典结果相吻合.     

技术转移:企业资助的学术发明对创新的促进

<正>一般认为企业资助的学术研究对其他人来说是不太容易获取且用处不大的,布莱恩D.怀特及其同事提出的数据对这个看法提出了挑战。政府长期以来一直鼓励大学—企业之间的合作,以期对可以带来工作机会、强化投资并生产出改善生活质量产品的创新进行激励。同时,政府在科学上预算的收缩迫使大学通过其他途径寻求经费支持。根据美国国家科学基金会的统计,2012年由企业提供的科研经费只占到美国研究型大学年度科研经费的5%(大约32亿美元)。     

Enhanced performance of nano-sized SiC reinforced Al metal matrix nanocomposites synthesized through microwave sintering and hot extrusion techniques

In the present study, nano-sized SiC (0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%) reinforced aluminum (Al) metal matrix composites were fabricated by microwave sintering and hot extrusion techniques. The structural (XRD, SEM), mechanical (nanoindentation, compression, tensile) and thermal properties (co-efficient of thermal expansion- CTE) of the developed Al-SiC nanocomposites were studied. The SEM/EDS mapping images show a homogeneous distribution of SiC nanoparticles into the Al matrix. A significant increase in the strength (compressive and tensile) of the Al-SiC nanocomposites with the addition of SiC content is observed. However, it is noticed that the ductility of Al-SiC nanocomposites decreases with increasing volume fraction of SiC. The thermal analysis indicates that CTE of Al-SiC nanocomposites decreases with the progressive addition of hard SiC nanoparticles. Overall, hot extruded Al 1.5 vol% SiC nanocomposites exhibited the best mechanical and thermal performance as compared to the other developed Al-SiC nanocomposites.     

泛代数上的Groebner-Shirshov基理论

综述了域上或交换代数上的线性（-）代数的相应的簇（范畴）的 Groebner-Shirshov 基理论的新成果，如:结合代数（包括群（半群）代数），自由代数的张量积，李代数，Di-代数，pre-李代数，Rota-Baxter代数，metabelian李代数，L-代数，半环代数，范畴代数，等．以上结果包含了许多应用，尤其是给出了一些著名结论的新的证明．     

转移过程对CVD生长的石墨烯质量的影响

利用化学气象沉淀法(CVD)在金属衬底上生长的石墨烯制备电子器件需要先把石墨烯转移到绝缘基底上,转移过程对器件制备的成功率和性能的均匀性有重要影响.转移过程中导致的石墨烯破损和金属生长基底残余颗粒污染受到普遍重视,然而由金属基底腐蚀液导致的石墨烯表面污染还没有引起足够的重视.本文利用拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)证明了转移过程中金属基底腐蚀液会在石墨烯表面引入污染,利用我们发展的"改良的RCA(radio corporation of America)清洗(modified RCA clean)"转移工艺能够有效地去除这种污染.这对提高后续制备的电子器件的性能有重要意义.     

关于太平洋安全的中欧对话：展望太平洋：看得到合作的希望吗？

太平洋地区正呈现出紧张局势，这不仅体现在关键的中美关系上，而且也体现在中国与其东部和南中国海周边国家的关系上。正如白宫、美国外交部和五角大楼在2012年初正式宣布且具体实施的那样，美国注意力、行动和军力分配向太平洋地区的“再平衡”战略转移，及此战略背后的真实意图，都引起北京方面的关注。中国担心，美国从大西洋到太平洋的整体“战略转移”，     

分析系统动力学 建模与仿真

本书是结合分析力学和系统动力学发展起来的一种新的多学科动力学系统建模方法。这种新的建模技术基于拉格朗日能量法，依次生成一系列适合数值积分的微分代数方程。本书适用的建模方法是能建模和仿真的六连杆闭链机构或晶体管功率放大器等系统。     

基于OBB层次结构碰撞检测的改进算法

方向包围盒（Oriented bounding box：OBB）的构造以及包围盒的相交测试的计算量都比较大，严重影响了在模拟、仿真的应用，尤其是有变形物体的场景。引入近似凸包的思想提出一种快速构造方向包围盒算法，很大程度上减少了构造方向包围盒（0BB）层次结构的顶点数，改进后的算法在降低构造层次结构时间的同时，对方向包围盒的紧密性代价几乎没有影响，在有些时候还提高了包围盒的紧密性。在包围盒相交测试方面，提留了一种基于筒单羽以爱的相交须刿方击，该算法在检测过程中省去了大量包围盒的相交测试计算，提高了相交测试的速度。最后将两种改进算法联合的碰撞检测框架与常用的基于均值和协方差矩阵的包围盒构造和基于分裂轴的算法进行比较，证明了算法具有高效性。     

Giant magneto resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance in Sm0.55Sr0.30Ag0.15MnO3 perovskite

Silver ions substituted samarium strontium manganite (Sm0.55Sr0.30Ag0.15MnO3) pervoskite was synthesized by using respective oxides in stoichiometric ratio through solid state reaction. The as-prepared sample was characterized by various analytical techniques to confirm its formation and understand the effect of monovalent silver ions in pervoskite lattice. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the single phase formation while grain morphology in SEM image indicates good connectivity among the grains. The enhancement in metal to insulator transition temperature shows quenched disorder and magnetoresistance phenomena. The magnetoresistance (MR) and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) emerge from grain growth factor and homogeneity induced by Ag+ ions in the lattice. The reduction in hysteresis loss resulted from antiferromagnetic - ferromagnetic (TN) and ferromagnetic - paramagnetic (Tc) transitions reveals the removal of disorder in perovskite lattice by Ag+ ions substitution. This increases the magnetic moment across distinct ions on the applying magnetic field. The rise in MR% (~99%) with silver doping emerging from smooth spin tunneling of the grains across the boundary and suppression of the disordered magnetic fluctuations with increase in magnetic field has been reported. The present compound exhibits the first order nature of magnetism and observed first time the highest value of TCR ~ 95%.     

A very faint core-collapse supernova in M85

An anomalous transient in the early Hubble-type (S0) galaxy Messier 85 (M85) in the Virgo cluster was discovered by Kulkarni et al. on 7 January 2006 that had very low luminosity (peak absolute R-band magnitude M(R) of about -12) that was constant over more than 80 days, red colour and narrow spectral lines, which seem inconsistent with those observed in any known class of transient events. Kulkarni et al. suggest an exotic stellar merger as the possible origin. An alternative explanation is that the transient in M85 was a type II-plateau supernova of extremely low luminosity, exploding in a lenticular galaxy with residual star-forming activity. This intriguing transient might be the faintest supernova that has ever been discovered.