全文获取类型
收费全文 | 51523篇 |
免费 | 263篇 |
国内免费 | 642篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 2015篇 |
丛书文集 | 285篇 |
教育与普及 | 526篇 |
理论与方法论 | 557篇 |
现状及发展 | 29152篇 |
研究方法 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 17689篇 |
自然研究 | 2187篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 438篇 |
2013年 | 820篇 |
2011年 | 2854篇 |
2010年 | 551篇 |
2009年 | 881篇 |
2008年 | 738篇 |
2007年 | 749篇 |
2006年 | 803篇 |
2005年 | 1098篇 |
2004年 | 2861篇 |
2003年 | 2255篇 |
2002年 | 1653篇 |
2001年 | 1130篇 |
2000年 | 611篇 |
1999年 | 961篇 |
1998年 | 1023篇 |
1997年 | 1095篇 |
1996年 | 615篇 |
1995年 | 532篇 |
1994年 | 818篇 |
1993年 | 1232篇 |
1992年 | 1054篇 |
1991年 | 979篇 |
1990年 | 936篇 |
1989年 | 681篇 |
1988年 | 627篇 |
1987年 | 614篇 |
1986年 | 630篇 |
1985年 | 668篇 |
1984年 | 618篇 |
1983年 | 529篇 |
1982年 | 704篇 |
1981年 | 752篇 |
1980年 | 813篇 |
1979年 | 1043篇 |
1978年 | 997篇 |
1977年 | 1005篇 |
1976年 | 909篇 |
1975年 | 870篇 |
1974年 | 596篇 |
1973年 | 937篇 |
1972年 | 1011篇 |
1971年 | 943篇 |
1970年 | 907篇 |
1969年 | 899篇 |
1968年 | 863篇 |
1967年 | 721篇 |
1966年 | 578篇 |
1965年 | 503篇 |
1964年 | 450篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
This paper assesses the information content of two survey indicators for consumption developments in the near future for eight European countries in the period 1985–1998. Empirical work on this topic typically focuses on consumer confidence, the perceptions of buyers of consumption goods. This paper examines whether perceptions of sellers of consumption goods, measured by retail trade surveys, may also improve short‐term monitoring of consumption. We find that both consumer confidence and retailer confidence embody valuable information, when analysed in isolation. For France, Italy and Spain we conclude that adding retail confidence does not improve the indicator model once consumer confidence has been included. For the UK the reverse case is obtained. For the remaining four countries we show that combining consumer sentiment and retail trade confidence into a composite indicator leads to optimal results. Our results suggest that incorporating information from retail trade surveys may offer significant benefits for the analysis of short‐term prospects of consumption. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
论述了辨证认识与处理好人才的“留”与“流”的关系,指出了只有做好人才管理工作,慎重地考虑人才的留用,才能使企业长期、持续、健康、稳定地发展。 相似文献
53.
微分代数控制问题的数值计算方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
费景高 《系统工程与电子技术》1992,(6)
描述许多轨道控制问题的方程通常构成非线性半显式的微分代数系统。本文提出一些数值方法来计算这些控制问题的控制规律。对于一个模型问题,本文进行了稳定性分析,并且给出了稳定性区域。文中估计了这些方法的全局误差,它们给出控制误差与计算步长的关系。 相似文献
54.
Nicholas R. Farnum 《Journal of forecasting》1992,11(1):47-56
When using simple exponential smoothing on a given time series the nature of the relationship between the optimal smoothing constant and the autocorrelation structure of the series remains an unresolved question. Although numerical search routines can easily be used to find optimal values of the smoothing constant, they offer little insight into the nature of the relationship between the estimated smoothing constant and the structure of the underlying time series. We suggest that renewed investigations of the ex-post sum of squares function may prove helpful in this pursuit. Results are presented that illustrate how the optimal smoothing constant depends upon the value used to initialize the smoothing and upon the sample autocorrelation coefficients of the observed series. These results are based on a new formula for the derivative of the ex-post sum of squares function. In particular, the derivative is examined near 0 and 1, where great simplifications occur in its form, thereby facilitating investigations near these points. A necessary and sufficient condition is stated for when the ex-post sum of squares must have a positive derivative at 0 and the autocorrelation coefficients of the differenced series are shown to affect the sign of the derivative near 1. Based on these results, a general algorithm is presented as an alternative to grid search routines for minimizing the ex-post sum of squares. 相似文献
55.
A. F. McDonagh Y. -M. Pu D. A. Lightner 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1992,48(3):246-248
The characteristic circular dichroism of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin undergoes a remarkable sign inversion on addition of halothane, chloroform and other volatile anesthetics. This sign inversion, which is completely reversed by removal of the anesthetic, reflects a pronounced conformational change of the bound ligand; probably a complete inversion of chirality. The observation suggests that association of volatile anesthetics with proteins can markedly alter the internal topography of receptor sites and potentially influence the stereoselectivity of ligand binding. 相似文献
56.
57.
S. J. Leybourne 《Journal of forecasting》1993,12(1):49-62
A linear regression model with random walk coefficients is extended to allow for linear restrictions between the coefficients to be satisfied at each point in time. Estimation in this model is shown to be no more involved than estimation in the standard model. It is also demonstrated how, after a slight modification to the testing problem, classical test procedures may be applied to the problem of testing for such restrictions. The performance of the Lagrange Multiplier test for a variety of different restrictions is then investigated via simulation. An empirical application involving testing for homogeneity in a random walk coefficient version of the AIDS model is given. 相似文献
58.
该文报道了所研制的具有AIN/TbFeCo/AIN/AI四层结构磁光光盘的动态性能测试结果.当记录信息位尺寸为1μm时,信息读出载噪比大于45dB,载噪比随盘片径向位置而异.文中根据测试结果,讨论了影响载噪比的诸因素. 相似文献
59.
光纤色散对OFDL器件功能的影响并不总能忽略。对OFDL陷波器,在现有器件水平下,由于色散ND只能达到30dB左右,远低于测量系统的限制(>55dB)。利用陷波器,也可以测量光纤色散、该方法具有步骤简便、对器件要求低、精度高等优点。 相似文献
60.
Growth hormone signal transduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Growth hormone (GH) promotes animal growth by stimulating bone and cartilage cell proliferation, and influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Some of these effects are brought about indirectly via somatomedin induction in hepatocytes, others by acting directly on the target cells. In either case, GH first binds to specific receptors on cells to trigger a sequence of biochemical events culminating in a biological response. Recently much has been learnt about the molecular structure of GH receptor, its binding to ligand, and the ensuing signal transduction events. 相似文献