克拉玛依油田微生物吞吐矿场试验及效果分析

针对克拉玛依油田稠油沥青质组分所占比例大的特点,通过室内菌种筛选,选育出适合克拉玛依稠油的微生物菌种,该菌种能够显著降解稠油中的沥青质。微生物吞吐矿场试验结果表明：六口油井措施有效率100%,累计增油936.883t,取得明显的经济效益,该技术为新疆油田稠油蒸汽吞吐后进一步提高采收率提供了一种工序简单、安全环保的新方法。     

复杂断块油藏高含水期剩余油挖潜调整技术研究

岔河集油田岔12断块东三段、沙一段油藏为中孔低渗常压高饱和压力非均质复杂断块油气藏,其断层发育、构造破碎,砂体横向分布稳定性差且分布范围较小,油层分布零散。目前油田开发已进入高含水期,为改善油田开发效果,应用数值模拟方法,研究了该油藏高含水期挖潜上产合理的技术开发政策。通过方案优选,确定了该油藏的剩余油挖潜上产方案。今后油藏应立足于注水开发,但不应以补孔改层等为上产措施,而应以化学调驱为主要手段。实施效果表明,所取得的研究成果对油田开发具有较强的指导意义。     

固井前置冲洗液的研究发展

冲洗液的主要作用是冲刷井壁和套管壁的虚泥饼、油浆和油膜,稀释钻井液使之保持良好的流动性能。从而提高顶替效率并改善界面亲水能力,提高第一、二界面胶结强度,提高固井质量的。所以我们要在使用前要进行合理的设计,要全面了解其种类、性能标准、体系常用组分及作用原理、设计要求以及性能评价手段、方法、标准等,这样才能很好的利用和综合发挥冲洗液的作用。     

多级节流智能控制装置的研制

针对现有井控单级节流系统已不能满足塔里木油田高压高产气井勘探开发的要求,提出多级节流的方法。由于液动节流阀和液动平板阀数量的增加,多级节流压井控制过程更加复杂,目前用于控制单级节流压井的手动控制装置就不能适合于对多级节流的控制,需要研制一种新型的多级节流智能控制装置。它不仅能通过手动操作来实施多级节流控制,也可以联结工控计算机实现智能化程序操作控制和系统工况监测。阐述了一种实现多级节流的程序控制与手动控制结合的液压操作控制装置的结构原理、特点和试验结果。     

Action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor

To investigate the action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF), the focus is placed on the effect of EDDF on both cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca²⁺) transportation in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), as well as the apoptosis and cell cycle of VSMC of rats. EDDF has been extracted from human erythrocytes. The changes of Ca²⁺ levels in cytoplasm ([Ca²⁺]_i) and nucleus ([Ca²⁺]_n) have been observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope together with fluo-3/AM as a calcium indicator. Flow cytometric technique was used to study the effect of EDDF on cell cycle and apoptosis of VSMC. [Ca²⁺], and [Ca²⁺]_n were significantly decreased through several different pathways: ( i ) it reduced the Ca²⁺ influx by blocking L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDC) and R-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (R-VDC); (ii) it inhibited the Ca²⁺ release from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP₃) sensitive calcium store; and (iii) activated Ca²⁺-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and promoted the transportation of Ca²⁺ from cytoplasm to SR. However, EDDF seemed to have little inhibitory effect on the Ca²⁺ release from ryonodine sensitive calcium pool. It was also found that EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) significantly decreased the proportion of S phase of human umbilical vein (HUV) and inhibited the proliferation of VSMC induced by angiotensin II (Angll, 10⁻⁵ mol/L). The apopotosis did not occur when VSMC was cultured under normal condition. While VSMC apoptosis was induced by Angll (10⁻⁵ mol/L) and EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) seemed to have little effect on it. The inhibitory effect of EDDF on the elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i and [Ca²⁺]_n of VSMC might play an essential role in its action mechanisms and the ways it affects the Ca²⁺ handling of VSMC demonstrate that EDDF was different from other endogenous blood pressure regulators and some known antihypertensive drugs. EDDF could inhibit the proliferation of VSMC, which indicated that it might be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.     

Interaction between integrin αIIbβ3 and synthesized cyclic hexapeptide containing RGD

The RGD sequence generally exists in the extracellular matrix proteins and can be recognized by many integrin proteins. The binding ability of immobilized biotinylated cyclic hexapeptide [cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys-Gly-)] containing RGD to integrin α_αbβ₃ was tested by the methods of ELISA and SPR. Results showed that a spacer of 1.48–2.2 nm between the peptide and the biotin residue was long enough to send the RGD sequence into the binding center embccedded within α_IIbβ₃, and the equilibrium dissociation constant was 1.1 μm. The work provides an ideal model system for the research of cell adhesion on solid surfaces.     

地层厚度系数法研究查干凹陷构造演化

根据沉积补偿原理,提出地层厚度系数研究构造运动的方法,并分析了其研究步骤及适用范围。依据查干凹陷下白垩统关键层位地层厚度发育特征,利用沉积厚度法研究其构造活动,指出了影响整个凹陷沉积过程中的关键时期。结果表明：查干凹陷从巴二期,经苏一至苏二下亚段沉积时期,沉积中心发生改变,显示出明显呈北西—南东向的“跷跷板”构造运动。在这一认识基础之上进一步研究了查干凹陷构造演化,认为：白垩纪以来经历了裂陷阶段、断拗转换阶段、拗陷阶段和反转阶段,为查干凹陷今后的研究奠定了基础。     

考虑拟流度比的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型研究

Van Lookeren研究了拟流度比为0时的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型,提出形状因子取得最大值时的注汽参数为最优参数。而在实际油藏中,由于地层中原油黏度较大,或注汽速率较小,拟流度比往往较大,此时利用最大形状因子优化注汽参数受到限制。针对该情形,应用数学方法研究了拟流度比不为0时的蒸汽驱前缘预测模型。绘制了形状因子、拟流度比、注汽速率与前缘形状关系图版,发现增大注汽速率,可增大形状因子,从而减小拟流度比,减轻蒸汽超覆程度,提高前缘驱的波及效率。由于注汽速率受注汽压力限制,研究了注汽速率与注汽压力的协调关系,利用该关系和研究的前缘模型,对前人的注汽参数优化方法进行了改进。     

疏水缔合聚合物凝胶调剖剂在陆9K1h油藏的应用

针对油水层复杂、渗透率高、含水上升快的陆9K₁h油藏,在室内通过筛选增粘能力和抗剪切能力较强的疏水缔合聚合物作为调剖用凝胶主剂,采用酚醛类作为交联剂,研制的凝胶体系（AP-BC）表观黏度可达11×10⁴mPa·s,并具有较好的稳定性;经多孔介质剪切后凝胶成胶时间延长50%,胶体强度降低小于10%,稳定性更好,老化5个月未见脱水现象;在相同渗透性的油、水饱和的填砂管实验中,AP-BC凝胶更易封堵水层。由于陆9K₁h油藏具有底水、薄层的特点,因此采用了“垫+调+堵”多段塞深部封堵的工艺,通过逐渐提高弱凝胶的强度,促使高强度堵剂得到合理的放置,实现对高渗透大孔道的封堵作用,提高注水开发的波及效果。现场试验表明,7个井组中,对应油井在调剖后第2个月到第6个月期间见到了明显增油效果。     

气体泡压法在测试储集层孔隙结构中的应用

测试储集层岩石孔隙结构的常规方法是压汞和铸体的薄片图像分析法,气体泡压法利用流体在孔喉内流动的物理规律来测定孔隙结构特征,能较真实地反映流体通过喉道的实际情况。对比分析气体泡压法与压汞法测试结果,后者测试出的主流孔喉直径是前者的2~4倍,前者测试储集层中参与渗流的有效喉道的分布特征,且更切合工程实际需要;对岩样酸化前后以及含水敏性矿物的岩样在水化前后的有效喉道分布进行了对比分析,能够明显地表征出酸化及水化前后有效喉道分布特征的变化情况,测试结果的对比性强、价值高。气体泡压法为测试储集层孔隙结构提供一种新方法和新途径。