One Way to Eliminate Corruption-Educating People——Brief Introduction on Bid

This article,according to the author's working experience in a hydropewer project,briefly introducessome basic knowledge about bidding process and sample contract document.It is aiming at giving a commonknowledge to the students who will be involved in work relating to bid after their graduation in the college.It ishoped that this kind of knowledge can help people properly use funds for a project and thus corruption can beminimized.     

Tunable fabrication of single-crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelts and their application as photodetectors

Lead halide perovskites have received increasing attention recently as a candidate material in various optoelectronic areas because of their high performance as light absorbers. Herein, we report the growth of CsPbI3 nanobelts via a solution process. A single-crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelt with uniform morphology can be achieved by controlling the amount of PbI2. A single-crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelt possesses a mean width, length, and thickness of 100 nm, 5 μm, and 20 nm, respectively. In this work, photodetectors (PDs) based on individual CsPbI3 nano-belts are constructed and found to perform well with an external quantum efficiency and responsivity of 2.39 × 105％ and 770 A/W, respect-ively. The PDs also show a high detectivity of up to 3.12 × 1012 Jones, which is at par with that of Si PDs. The PDs developed in this work ex-hibit great promise in various optoelectronic nanodevices.     

p73-deficient mice have neurological, pheromonal and inflammatory defects but lack spontaneous tumours

p73 (ref. 1) has high homology with the tumour suppressor p53 (refs 2-4), as well as with p63, a gene implicated in the maintenance of epithelial stem cells. Despite the localization of the p73 gene to chromosome 1p36.3, a region of frequent aberration in a wide range of human cancers, and the ability of p73 to transactivate p53 target genes, it is unclear whether p73 functions as a tumour suppressor. Here we show that mice functionally deficient for all p73 isoforms exhibit profound defects, including hippocampal dysgenesis, hydrocephalus, chronic infections and inflammation, as well as abnormalities in pheromone sensory pathways. In contrast to p53-deficient mice, however, those lacking p73 show no increased susceptibility to spontaneous tumorigenesis. We report the mechanistic basis of the hippocampal dysgenesis and the loss of pheromone responses, and show that new, potentially dominant-negative, p73 variants are the predominant expression products of this gene in developing and adult tissues. Our data suggest that there is a marked divergence in the physiological functions of the p53 family members, and reveal unique roles for p73 in neurogenesis, sensory pathways and homeostatic control.     

Temperature-scan cryocrystallography reveals reaction intermediates in bacteriophytochrome

Light is a fundamental signal that regulates important physiological processes such as development and circadian rhythm in living organisms. Phytochromes form a major family of photoreceptors responsible for red light perception in plants, fungi and bacteria. They undergo reversible photoconversion between red-absorbing (Pr) and far-red-absorbing (Pfr) states, thereby ultimately converting a light signal into a distinct biological signal that mediates subsequent cellular responses. Several structures of microbial phytochromes have been determined in their dark-adapted Pr or Pfr states. However, the structural nature of initial photochemical events has not been characterized by crystallography. Here we report the crystal structures of three intermediates in the photoreaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophytochrome (PaBphP). We used cryotrapping crystallography to capture intermediates, and followed structural changes by scanning the temperature at which the photoreaction proceeded. Light-induced conformational changes in PaBphP originate in ring D of the biliverdin (BV) chromophore, and E-to-Z isomerization about the C(15) = C(16) double bond between rings C and D is the initial photochemical event. As the chromophore relaxes, the twist of the C(15) methine bridge about its two dihedral angles is reversed. Structural changes extend further to rings B and A, and to the surrounding protein regions. These data indicate that absorption of a photon by the Pfr state of PaBphP converts a light signal into a structural signal via twisting and untwisting of the methine bridges in the linear tetrapyrrole within the confined protein cavity.