Genome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using common SNPs

We estimate and partition genetic variation for height, body mass index (BMI), von Willebrand factor and QT interval (QTi) using 586,898 SNPs genotyped on 11,586 unrelated individuals. We estimate that ～45%, ～17%, ～25% and ～21% of the variance in height, BMI, von Willebrand factor and QTi, respectively, can be explained by all autosomal SNPs and a further ～0.5-1% can be explained by X chromosome SNPs. We show that the variance explained by each chromosome is proportional to its length, and that SNPs in or near genes explain more variation than SNPs between genes. We propose a new approach to estimate variation due to cryptic relatedness and population stratification. Our results provide further evidence that a substantial proportion of heritability is captured by common SNPs, that height, BMI and QTi are highly polygenic traits, and that the additive variation explained by a part of the genome is approximately proportional to the total length of DNA contained within genes therein.     

Fabrication and Microstructure of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material

W/Cu functionally gradient material (FGM) has excellent mechanical properties since it can effectively relax interlayer thermal stresses caused by the mismatch between their thermal expansion coefficients. W/Cu FGM combines the advantages of tungsten such as high melting point and service strength, with heat conductivity and plasticity of copper at room temperature. Thus it demonstrates satisfactory heat corrosion and thermal shock resistance and will be a promising candidate as divertor component in thermonuclear device. Owing to the dramatic difference of melting point between tungsten and copper, conventional processes meet great difficulties in fabricating this kind of FGMs. A new approach termed graded sintering under ultra-high pressure (GSUHP) is proposed, with which a near 96% relative density of W/Cu FGM that contains a full distribution spectrum (0-100%W) has been successfully fabricated. Suitable amount of transition metals (such as nickel, zirconium, vanadium) is employed as additives to activate tungsten's sintering, enhance phase wettability and bonding strength between W and Cu. Densification effects of different layer of FGM were investigated. Microstructure morphology and interface elements distribution were observed and analyzed. The thermal shock performance of W/Cu FGM was also preliminarily tested.     

Experimental study on flow pattern of cylinder turbulent wake in a shallow-water layer

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the wakes of circular cylinder in shallow-water flow. Using DP1V (digital particle imaging velocimetry) system, the detailed measurement of turbulent wake around a cylinder with diameter of 1 . 27 m was made under the condition of many different characteristic coefficients 5 . The streamline figures of wake flow have been given. The measured results show that the characteristic coefficient 5 is the unique factor deciding the flow pattern around a cylinder in shallow water layer and the value 0.45 is the critical value of transition from vortex street to steady recirculating flow. At the same time, the mechanism of cylinder turbulent wakes in a shallow water layer is given.     

AN APPROACH TO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN CHILDREN

Through the studying of the process of language acquisition in children, analysis of the three main theories on language acquisition in children and the discussion of communicative competence, this thesis holds that all the three main theories,including Chomsky's,have their limitations and also that Chomsky fails to give sufficient attention to the environmental factors involved in the development of commptence.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of copper （Ⅱ） coordination polymer composed of helix-like chains： [Cu（NIeH）（bpy）]

Hydrothermal reactions of Cu （Ⅱ） acetate, 2,2＇-bipyridyl （bpy） with 5-nitroisophthalic acid （H2NIPH） resulted in a new coordination polymer [Cu（NIPH）（bpy）] 1. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment indicates that 1 possesses a single helixlike chains, of which Cu atoms are coordinated by NIPH ligands and bpy ligands. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P2（ 1）/c, a = 0.955（19） nm, b = 1.259（3） nm, c = 1.3737（3） nm, ,6= 95.13（3）°, V= 1.6455（6） nm^3 and Z = 4. The TGA analysis shows that 1 has no remarkable weight loss up to 284℃, as a result of its high thermal stability. Magnetic measurements indicate an antiferromagnetic behavior of compound 1.     

Mixed convection around a heated vertical cylinder embedded in porous medium

Numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the combined effects of wake flow pattern and buoyancy on the characteristics of the flow and heat transfer for the mixed convective flow around a vertical cylinder embedded in porous medium. Three-dimensional Darcy's equations are solved. The discretization procedure for the governing equations is based on the finite-volume method. Peclect number and Rayleigh number are two major independent parameters representing the effects of the flow and heat transfer, respectively. The flow pattern, temperature distribution, and Nusselt number distribution are investigated in wide ranges of these independent parameters. Correlation results for the onset of the secondary flow and enhancement of the heat transfer are presented and discussed.     

Study on heterosis of intersubspecies between indica and japonica rice （Oryza sativa L.） using chromosome segment substitution lines

Great heterosis exists in the inter-subspecific crossesbetween indica and japonica rice cultivars[1,2] and the ex-ploitation of this heterosis has long been considered as apromising method to further increase rice yield potential[3].Previous studies indicated that there were large differencesbetween the two subspecies with respect to morphology,isozyme, polymorphism of molecular markers and DNAstructure due to long time genetic differentiation[4,5]. Thosedifferences were identified to be clos…     

A Simulation-Based Decision Support System for Manufacturing Enterprise

1.INTRODUCTIONInrecedeyears,theChineseindustrialdecisionmakers(DMs),facingwiththechallengestohandlethecomplexsystemconvertibilityprobleminthedramaticsocialeconomicsystemreformprocess,requireamajorshifttowardsmaturityofnecessaryidentificationoffeasiblereformstrategiesandtheirassessment.ToolsofthedecisionsupportthathelpDMstolearnaboutpossibledecisionoptionsandtheirpredicatedresultsareofurgentneed.Ourresearcheffortsdevotedinconstructingthesimulation-baseddecisionsupportsystem(SBDSS)areaim…     

A Convergent Algorithm for Continuously Optimal Location Problem

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｏｐｔｉｍａｌｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｓ（Ｐ）　　ｍｉｎｘ∈Ｒｎｆ（ｘ），ｗｈｅｒｅｆ（ｘ）＝∫Ｄ（ｕ）ｙｘ－ｕｙｄｕ，ＲｎｄｅｎｏｔｅｓｔｈｅｎｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＥｕｃｌｉｄｅａｎｓｐａｃｅ（ｎ２），ＤＲｎｉｓａｂｏｕｎｄｅｄＬｅｂｅｓｇｕｅｍｅａｓｕｒａｂｌｅｓｅｔａｎｄｉｔｓｍｅａｓｕｒｅ｜Ｄ｜＞０，（ｕ）＞０ｉｓａｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｔｉｓｊｕｓｔｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏ…     

Expression of thymosin-β4, RACK1 and HMGB in adult amphioxus:implication for the evolutionary conservation of organ related functional molecules

Vertebrate thymosin-β4, RACK1 and HMGB are important molecules functioning in embryonic development and adult life. Here we report the expression patterns of amphioxus thymosin-β4, RACK1 and HMGB genes in tissues of adult amphioxus as revealed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. These three genes are all strongly expressed in the central nervous system and ovary, but differently expressed in other tissues including gut, testis, wheel organ, gill and endostyle.