现代农业产业园区运行模式与绩效关系的分析

以江苏省现代农业产业园区发展为研究对象,运用因子分析法对现代农业产业园区绩效进行测评,重点考察分析了不同运行模式在绩效表现方面的差异及造成这一差异的原因。指出:合作社主体型园区综合绩效表现最好,表现出较大的发展潜力,受到地方政府的大力扶持,应作为今后探索发展的重点;企业集聚主体型园区绩效表现也相对较好,但缺乏与农户利益的紧密联系,今后应注重探索保护农户利益的运行机制和方式;园区发展公司主体型园区则应该在产权制度上进行创新,融入市场竞争中。     

The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks

Marine stickleback fish have colonized and adapted to thousands of streams and lakes formed since the last ice age, providing an exceptional opportunity to characterize genomic mechanisms underlying repeated ecological adaptation in nature. Here we develop a high-quality reference genome assembly for threespine sticklebacks. By sequencing the genomes of twenty additional individuals from a global set of marine and freshwater populations, we identify a genome-wide set of loci that are consistently associated with marine-freshwater divergence. Our results indicate that reuse of globally shared standing genetic variation, including chromosomal inversions, has an important role in repeated evolution of distinct marine and freshwater sticklebacks, and in the maintenance of divergent ecotypes during early stages of reproductive isolation. Both coding and regulatory changes occur in the set of loci underlying marine-freshwater evolution, but regulatory changes appear to predominate in this well known example of repeated adaptive evolution in nature.     

Effect of alloying elements and processing parameters on the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect of Al-Mg alloys

The effects of alloying elements and processing parameters on the mechanical properties and Portevin-Le Chatelier effect of Al-Mg alloys developed for inner auto body sheets were investigated in detail. Tensile testing was performed in various Zn and Mg contents under different annealing and cold-rolling conditions. In the results, the stress drop and reloading time of serrations increase with increasing plastic strain and exhibit a common linear relationship. The increase rates of stress drop and reloading time increase with increasing Mg or Zn content. The alloys with a greater intensity of serrated yielding generally exhibit a greater elongation. The stress drop and reloading time of serrations decrease with increasing grain size in the case of the annealed samples. The cold-rolled sample exhibits the most severe serration because it initially contains a large number of grain boundaries and dislocations.     

Effect of Continuous Cooling Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Carbon Steel Rod

The effect of cooling rate and austenitizing condition on the mechanical properties of high carbon steel (SWRH82B) has been investigated. Specimens were made of high carbon steel rod and heat-treated by Gleeble-2000 to produce a wide variation in prior austenite size. Different cooling rates were carried out, and then pearlite interlaminar spacing and mechanical properties were measured and tested respectively. According to the results, it could be found that under the continuous cooling with the increase of cooling rate, tensile strength greatly increases and reduction in area exhibits a slightly increase for an equivalent value of prior austenite grain size. When prior austenite size increases, reduction in area decreases, and tensile strength increases slightly for an equivalent value of pearlite interlaminar spacing. It is concluded that prior austenite size primarily controls ductility and pearlite interlaminar spacing controls tensile strength. Mathematical formulae are given for these relations.     

Improving thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi2Te3 -based alloys by spark plasma sintering

High-performance (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1?x bulk materials were prepared by combining fusion technique with spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient increase greatly and the thermal conductivity decreases signi ficantly with the increase of Bi2Te3 content, which leads to a great improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. The maximum ZT value reaches 1.33 at 398 K for the composition of 20%Bi2Te3-80%Sb2Te3 with 3% (mass fraction) excess Te.     

Room-temperature NH3 sensors with high sensitivity and short response/recovery times

Micro-sensors are fabricated by co-electrospin- ning In203 and SnO2 nanofibers on the substrates of SiO2/Si with interdigitated Pt signal electrodes. The total sensor area is 1.36 mmx 0.55 mm and the active area is only 0.63 mmx 0.55 ram. Excellent NH3 sensing properties are obtained based on the sensors at room temperature. The sensitivity is at most 28 when the sensors are exposed to NH3 of 10 ppm. The response time is 8 s or so and the recovery time is nearly 2 s. Not only fine selectivity, but also long- time stability is obtained. The results not only demonstrate the obtained micro-sensors are very promising devices for NH3 detection, but also show a possible route for large-scale NH3 sensor fabrication at the industrial level.     

Three-dimensional atomic-scale structure of size-selected gold nanoclusters

An unambiguous determination of the three-dimensional structure of nanoparticles is challenging. Electron tomography requires a series of images taken for many different specimen orientations. This approach is ideal for stable and stationary structures. But ultrasmall nanoparticles are intrinsically structurally unstable and may interact with the incident electron beam, constraining the electron beam density that can be used and the duration of the observation. Here we use aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, coupled with simple imaging simulation, to determine with atomic resolution the size, three-dimensional shape, orientation and atomic arrangement of size-selected gold nanoclusters that are preformed in the gas phase and soft-landed on an amorphous carbon substrate. The structures of gold nanoclusters containing 3096 atoms can be identified with either Ino-decahedral, cuboctahedral or icosahedral geometries. Comparison with theoretical modelling of the system suggests that the structures are consistent with energetic considerations. The discovery that nanoscale gold particles function as active and selective catalysts for a variety of important chemical reactions has provoked much research interest in recent years. We believe that the detailed structure information we provide will help to unravel the role of these nanoclusters in size- and structure-specific catalytic reactions. We note that the technique will be of use in investigations of other supported ultrasmall metal cluster systems.     

NUMB controls p53 tumour suppressor activity

NUMB is a cell fate determinant, which, by asymmetrically partitioning at mitosis, controls cell fate choices by antagonising the activity of the plasma membrane receptor of the NOTCH family. NUMB is also an endocytic protein, and the NOTCH-NUMB counteraction has been linked to this function. There might be, however, additional functions of NUMB, as witnessed by its proposed role as a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Here we describe a previously unknown function for human NUMB as a regulator of tumour protein p53 (also known as TP53). NUMB enters in a tricomplex with p53 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2 (also known as MDM2), thereby preventing ubiquitination and degradation of p53. This results in increased p53 protein levels and activity, and in regulation of p53-dependent phenotypes. In breast cancers there is frequent loss of NUMB expression. We show that, in primary breast tumour cells, this event causes decreased p53 levels and increased chemoresistance. In breast cancers, loss of NUMB expression causes increased activity of the receptor NOTCH. Thus, in these cancers, a single event-loss of NUMB expression-determines activation of an oncogene (NOTCH) and attenuation of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway. Biologically, this results in an aggressive tumour phenotype, as witnessed by findings that NUMB-defective breast tumours display poor prognosis. Our results uncover a previously unknown tumour suppressor circuitry.     

孤岛油田中二中区馆陶组上段第三砂层组沉积微相研究

根据岩心观察结果,并综合利用测井资料数字处理成果、粒度分析、铸体薄片、电镜分析等资料,对孤岛油田中二中区馆陶组上段第三砂层组沉积微相进行了系统研究。该油田研究层段属曲流河沉积,又可将其细分为４种亚相（河道亚相、河道边缘亚相、泛滥平原亚相及废弃河道亚相）和７种微相（河道砂坝微相、河道充填微相、天然堤微相、决口扇微相、河漫滩地微相、河漫洼地微相和废弃河道微相）。根据砂层划分结果,对其中４个砂层的沉积微相平面展布特征全面地进行了分析,为储层非均质性研究、油田开发方案调整和动态分析提供了可靠的地质依据。