EMG oscillator model-based energy kernel method for characterizing muscle intrinsic property under isometric contraction

This paper presents a new method for estimating the isometric contraction force and the characterization of muscle’s intrinsic property.The method,called the energy kernel method,starts with converting the electromyography(EMG)signal into planar phase portraits,on which the elliptic distribution of the state points is named as the energy kernel,while that formed by the noise signal is called the noise kernel.Based on such stochastic features of the phase portraits,we approximate the EMG signal within a rectangular window as a harmonic oscillator(EMG oscillator).The study establishes the relationship between the energy of control signal(EMG)and that of output signal(force/power),and a characteristic energy is proposed to estimate the muscle force.On the other hand,the natural frequencies of the noise and the EMG signal can be attained with the energy kernel and noise kernel.In this way,the direct signal–noise recognition and separation can be accomplished.The results show that the representativeness of the characteristic energy toward the force is satisfactory,and the method is very robust since it combines the advantages of both RMS and MPF.Moreover,the natural frequency of the EMG oscillator is not governed by the MU firing rate of a specific muscle,indicating that this frequency correlates with the intrinsic property of muscle.The physical meanings of the model provide new insights into the understanding of EMG.     

工艺条件对BGA焊点电性能的影响

研究不同的焊接温度及焊接时间对ＢＧＡ焊点电性能和疲劳特性的影响,测试了不同焊接条件和热处理下焊点电阻及共与温度的关系,并比较了不同样品在热冲击前后的电性能,实验发现在２３０℃下保温３００ｓ,焊接的焊点具有良好的电性能和疲劳特性,且在１００℃下热处理１５ｍｉｎ后样品的电性能和疲劳特性都有较大提高。     

统计不相关最佳鉴别矢量集的本质研究

Until recently the hydrogen molecule structural parameters are calculated with the methods of quantum mechanics. To achieve results close to experimental values, the wave function used is complicated and has no clear physical meaning. Because the distribution of the electron probability density is a statistical rule, the macro-time has actually been used in the concept on a electron cloud graph. Here are obtained three formulas with a classical mechanics method on the bond-length re , bond-energy De and force constant k of the ground state hydrogen molecule, which have a clear physical meaning but no artificial parameters, and compared with experimental values, the relative errors are respectively less than 1% , 2% and 4% .     

Visualization of Biomolecular Networks’ Comparison on Cytoscape

Similarities and dissimilarities between biomolecular networks cannot be intuitively recognized even after the development of several comparison algorithms because of the lack of visualization tools. In this paper, an integrated tool kit named Biomolecular Network Match（BNMatch） is designed and developed based on Cytoscape—a popular and open-source tool for analyzing and visualizing networks. BNMatch integrates the comparison of the outputs of algorithms used for processing biomolecular networks and expresses the matching data between them by defining similar vertices and links with similar attributes. Moreover, in order to maintain consistency, their counterparts in other networks change when the nodes and edges in one of the compared networks are changed. It becomes easy for users to analyze similar networks by invoking comparison algorithms and visualizing the matching data between the networks using BNMatch.     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

The neuronal sortilin-related receptor SORL1 is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease

The recycling of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) from the cell surface via the endocytic pathways plays a key role in the generation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) in Alzheimer disease. We report here that inherited variants in the SORL1 neuronal sorting receptor are associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease. These variants, which occur in at least two different clusters of intronic sequences within the SORL1 gene (also known as LR11 or SORLA) may regulate tissue-specific expression of SORL1. We also show that SORL1 directs trafficking of APP into recycling pathways and that when SORL1 is underexpressed, APP is sorted into Abeta-generating compartments. These data suggest that inherited or acquired changes in SORL1 expression or function are mechanistically involved in causing Alzheimer disease.     

An Adaptive Identification and Control Scheme Using Radial Basis Function Networks

1.INTaODUCTIONThemultilayerfeedforwardneuralnetworks(MFNN)hasbeenwidelyappliedinmanyfieldssuchaspatternrecognition,nonlinearoptimization,systemidentificationandcontrol.Thesimpleback-propagation(BP)learningalgorithmisusuallyadoptedtoupdateitsweights.TheBPalgorithm,however,suffersdrawbacksofslowconvergenceandunpredictablesolutionsduringlearning.Althoughmailyapproachessuchasvariablestepsize,conjugategradient,pseudo-Newtonmethods[4]andothermethods[3,10],havebeendevelopedtoovercometheproble…     

A new method for uniform local heating deep in body using ultrasound phased-array system

A new method for targeted heating of deep tissue was developed by using an ultrasound phased-array system which can generate various multiple foci patterns by electronically changing its amplitude or phase pattern. This method involves using a technique of combining switching and rotating of multiple foci patterns to create a uniform temperature over tissue volumes in various size. Using this method, the target tissue deep in the body can be heated to a specified temperature, which gives conditions for thermo-sensitive liposomes release. A simulation study for a 108-element, spherically sectioned array was performed to determine an optimal heating scheme from a set of multiple focus fields which were produced by inputting different combinations of phases and amplitudes. Comparisons of a static multiple foci field, the switched fields and the switched-rotated fields indicated that the technique of combining switching and rotating of multiple foci patterns has advantages of both lowering the peak temperature and evening the temperature distribution. The simulation results also show that the therapeutic heating zones in various size employing the combined method. These results offer significant data for designing thermotherapy equipment for tumor-specific drug release with thermo-sensitive liposomes.     

Visual Information Based Social Force Model for Crowd Evacuation

With the increase in large-scale incidents in real life, crowd evacuation plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of human crowds during emergency situations. The behavior patterns of crowds are well rendered by existing crowd dynamics models. However, most related studies ignore the information perception of pedestrians.To overcome this issue, we develop a visual information based social force model to simulate the interpretable evacuation process from the perspective of visual perception. ...     

A Pixel–Channel Hybrid Attention Model for Image Processing

In the field of image processing,better results can often be achieved through the deepening of neural network layers involving considerably more parameters.In image classification,improving classification accuracy without introducing too many parameters remains a challenge.As for image conversion,the use of the conversion model of the generative adversarial network often produces semantic artifacts,resulting in images with lower quality.Thus,to address the above problems,a new type of attention ...