ApplicationofNon─equilibriumStageModeltoLiquid─liquidExtraction

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碳酸二甲酯捕集CO2的技术经济分析

降低CO2排放量、缓解温室效应,已成为国际社会的广泛共识。碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是国际公认的绿色溶剂,低温下对CO2具有良好的吸收性能,具有规模化应用的潜力。该文针对整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)电厂燃烧前CO2的捕集过程,建立了DMC捕集CO2的工艺流程,对此流程进行了模拟计算并开展了技术经济分析。计算结果显示:在96%的捕集率下每吨CO2捕集能耗约在1.3～1.7GJ的范围内,DMC捕集每吨CO2工艺成本约为200元;在考虑关键变量不确定性的情况下,其成本变化范围约180～230元/t,具有经济可行性;由于具有环境友好的特点,DMC作为燃烧前CO2捕集技术的新型吸收剂具有一定的竞争力。     

旋转填料床微观混合性能的CFD模拟

旋转填料床又称超重机,通过旋转产生的离心力来实现超重力环境,能有效地强化微混合及传质过程,在快速化学反应过程上有广泛的应用,如制备纳米粉体材料等。旋转填料床内的湍流反应涉及在填料中流体流动与混合反应过程,针对2股无预混反应物料的湍流混合及反应,通过商用软件Fluent的计算平台,采用涡耗散模型（eddy-dissipation）模拟碘酸盐-碘化物体系的平行竞争反应。涡耗散模型认为反应速率由湍流控制,避开了代价高昂的Arrhenius化学动力学计算。计算过程收敛良好,流场与各组分浓度分布合理。考察了转速及初始浓度对离集因子的影响,模拟结果与相关文献的实验数据吻合良好。     

From Single Droplet to Column Design

The technique state to design counter-current extraction columns is based on the performance of pilot plant experiments. The modelling is then either with the equilibrium or dispersion model, whereas in the latter the dispersion coefficient accounts for all hydrodynamic non-idealities. A new approach uses single droplet experiments to obtain the basic laws and functions governing droplet breakage, coalescence, relative velocity, and axial dispersion when using droplet populance balance models （DPBM）. The hydrodynamics simulation results show that the mean Sauter diameter, hold-up, and concentration profiles could be well predicted, which promotes the use of DPBM models for further applications in industrial scale.     

高氮钢相变及重熔过程的在线观察

在高温、低压或真空状态下高氮钢中的氮会释放出来,常压氮气氛中高氮钢的焊接也会引起氮的损失.利用共聚焦激光扫描高温显微镜对几种高氮钢的高温相变以及重熔时氮的释放进行了在线观察.观察到Fe-12Cr-0.276N的γ-δ相变、Fe-20Cr-8Mn-0.853N的α-γ相变、Fe-19Cr-15Mn-0.576N的γ-δ相变,验证了计算相图的正确性.观察到液态高氮钢熔化时氮气泡上浮到钢液表面、游动和破裂.根据观察到的氮气泡最大直径和液态不锈钢的表面张力,估算了气泡破裂前期内部的氮气压力.共聚焦激光扫描高温显微镜的在线观察适于发现热效应小的相变发生,并能测定新相的尺寸变化和气泡直径,可以弥补DTA/DSC等高温热分析手段的不足.     

化工分离塔设备的智能设计

分离塔设备设计的主要特点是设计问题分解的层次结构和应用不同类型的知识。针对这种具有层次结构的设计问题，建立了一种面向对象的设计问题分解机制。其基本结构单元是称为设计者的类，用以表示各层的设计问题，并以将子设计者作为其父设计者的数据成员的方式构造问题分解的层次结构。这种机制既是知识的存储结构又可以表示问题求解的策略，并能够表示和使用不同类型的知识，比传统的基于规则的方法更适合用于解决这类设计问题。在此基础上，开发了分离塔设备智能设计系统。     

Novel Hyperbranched Polyurethane Brushes for Biomedical Applications

1 Results The objective was to make hyperbranched (HB) polyurethane brushes with reactive end groups, to coat biomedical devices and to enable the introduction of various functionalities that are needed to fulfill biomedical tasks.Biomedical materials should fulfill at least three requirements: (1) good mechanical properties, (2) good biocompatibility and (3) provided with functionalities to perform the required tasks. Since polyurethanes are able to fulfill the first 2 requirements we focused in this work on the introduction of functionalities. We have developed a simple concept to make a new family of AB2 monomers[1-3], which enabled us to make in one step HB polyurethanes with reactive blocked isocyanates (BI) at the end of each polymer chain. The reactions as depicted in Fig.1 proceeded in very high yields, thanks to the high selectivity of carbonyl biscaprolactam (CBC). Primary amines substitute only one caprolactam group in CBC, whereas secondary amines remain totally unaffected. The corresponding polymers have at the end of each chain reactive blocked isocyanate (BI) groups that have been functionalized with bioactive groups, whereas the secondary amine in the focal point remained available for further modification. Thanks to many BI groups this technology allows introducing much functionality, which is needed for various biomedical tasks in applications.     

Analysis of Mixing Characteristics of Batch Stirred Vessels Using the Networks-of-Zones Model

IntroductionBatch and semi- batch stirred reactors are morecommon than continuous flow reactors in thechemical manufacturing industries. However,inspite of this practical predominance of batchreactors,the general body of literature to describemixing and reactions is confined almostexclusivelyto continuous flow reactors. There are manytheoretical analyses based on the stimulus- responseof continuous flow reactors,but no reasonablecorresponding theoretical framework for batchvessels withoutthrou…     

麻黄草常压浸取麻黄碱工艺研究

采用常压三级循环逆流浸取法，从麻黄草提取麻黄碱，草水含碱量可以接近或达到日前工业生产上采用的加压浸取法的效果。     

萃取塔内液滴的测量统计技术和分布特性

研究不同界面张力的液－液萃取体系得到了传质条件下萃取塔内液滴直径的变化规律。通过改进照相技术．校正光路曲率变形，建立液滴图像处理系统，可以迅速和比较准确地得到液滴的分布曲线和统计平均直径ｄ４３，结果表明：脉冲筛板萃取塔内液滴分布可用正态分布函数来描述．并得到了液滴平均直径ｄ４３和分布方差σ的计算关联式。