Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

Evidence from carbon isotope measurements for diverse origins of sedimentary hydrocarbons

The organic matter found in sedimentary rocks must derive from many sources; not only from ancient primary producers but also from consumers and secondary producers. In all of these organisms, isotope effects can affect the abundance and distribution of 13C in metabolites. Here, by using an improved form of a previously described technique in which the effluent of a gas chromatograph is continuously analysed isotopically, we report evidence of the diverse origins of sedimentary organic matter. The record of 13C abundances in sedimentary carbonate and total organic carbon can be interpreted in terms of variations in the global carbon cycle. Our results demonstrate, however, that isotope variations within sedimentary organic mixtures substantially exceed those observed between samples of total organic carbon. Resolution of isotope variations at the molecular level offers a new and convenient means of refining views both of localized palaeoenvironments and of control mechanisms within the global carbon cycle.     

多媒体光盘的设计与制作

多媒体光盘是当今世界上最先进的多媒体技术。根据制作多媒体光盘的经验,就多媒体光盘的选题、设计和制作过程并对其应用范围及发展前景作了简要论述。     

风潇雨晦科索沃

波黑战争硝烟未尽,科索沃风云又起,世人紧张的目光再次投向前南地区以至整个巴尔于半岛。冷战结束后,解决长期以来悬而未决的民族问题在世界上的很多地区变得日益紧迫起来。不断涌现的地区冲突和暴力事件一再表明,和平、公正地解决民族争端已不再是个别国家、个别民族自己的事,它是对日益走向成熟的国际社会的严峻考验,这是一块构建21世纪和平稳定的重要基石。然而,伴随着科索沃流血冲突的不断加剧,人们不无遗憾地看到,科索沃阿尔巴尼亚族民族分立主义分子选择了一条危险的有违国际和平趋向的道路。西方一些国家对阿族武装分子的偏袒是加速局势恶化的重要因素。企盼和平,科索沃塞、阿两族还要共同走过好长一段荆棘之路。     

β—环糊精色谱手性固定相的合成及性能表征

将β－环糊精（β－ＣＤ）键合到硅胶表面上制成薄层色谱手性键合固定相．用红外光谱、元素分析和热重分析测定键合相的化学组成和性质．对键合反应的工艺条件和键合相的色谱性能进行了较详细的研究．６对联萘酚类对映体在键合固定相薄层板和石油醚－乙酸乙酯－甲醇、石油醚－乙酸乙酯－乙腈溶剂系统中得到完全的分离．对映体的Ｒｆ值为１．１９～１．６８．     

灌区淋洗水量优化计算

在灌区水资源优化调度的基础上,考虑了土壤临界含盐量、土壤和地下水水盐动态等因素,提出了灌区淋洗水量优化计算方法,并给出了算例。     

R^3中一类二次齐次向量场的拓扑结构

讨论了Ｒ３中的二次齐次向量场Ｑ（ｘ）的拓扑结构．当它只有孤立奇点时,利用向量场ＷＱ（ｘ）的相图,得到Ｑ（ｘ）的轨线共有１２种不同的拓扑等价类．