Conservation status of the threatened, insular San Jose brush rabbit ( Sylvilagus mansuetus )

The conservation status and distribution of the insular endemic San Jose brush rabbit ( Sylvilagus mansuetus ), as well as threats to its population viability, were determined through surveys undertaken since 1995 on San José Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Sylvilagus mansuetus is restricted to a specific desert habitat found in the southwestern coastal plains of the island. Vegetation in this habitat is composed primarily of 7 plant species. The extent of rabbit occurrence is only 20 km 2 , and the population density estimate in the most optimal habitat is 25–35 individuals · km –2 . To our knowledge, the San Jose brush rabbit possesses the smallest distribution among all lagomorph species. Sylvilagus mansuetus is threatened by a population of feral cats and by human activities, including illegal hunting, development of a tourist area, and a salt mine. Human activities, even over a short time frame, could severely impact this restricted area and endanger the survival of this species. Recommended management includes removing cats and conducting additional research on the rabbit’s life history and ecology. Se determinó el estado de conservación y la distribución del conejo de San José ( Sylvilagus mansuetus ), una especie insular endémica, mediante muestreos que se han llevado a cabo desde 1995 en la isla de San José en el Mar de Cortés, México. Sylvilagus mansuetus quedó restringido a un tipo específico de hábitat desértico en la llanura costera suroccidental de la isla, donde predominan 7 especies de plantas. La extensión de la especie es de sólo 20 km 2 , y la densidad de la población en el hábitat óptimo se estimó entre 25 y 35 individuos · km –2 . Hasta donde conocemos, el conejo de San José tiene el área de distribución más pequeña de todas las especies de lagomorfos. Sylvilagus mansuetus se ve amenazado por una población de gatos ferales y por actividades humanas tales como la caza ilegal, el turismo y la operación de una mina de sal. Las actividades humanas podrían tener un impacto severo en esta área restringida y podrían poner en peligro la supervivencia de esta especie dentro de poco tiempo. Algunas acciones recomendables para el manejo de la especie incluyen el eliminar los gatos y llevar a cabo estudios adicionales para obtener más detalles sobre la biología y ecología del conejo a fin de mejorar su conservación.     

Status of an invading mainland jackrabbit on Cerralvo island, Gulf of California

We report the first observations of the black-tailed jackrabbit ( Lepus californicus ) on Cerralvo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evidence suggests a self-sustaining population. Analysis of available records indicates no previous record of Lepus on the island. Introduction of the jackrabbit to the island appears to have occurred between 1960 and 1991.     

Growth and demography of one population of the lizard Sceloporus mucronatus mucronatus

We report on growth and demography of Sceloporus mucronatus mucronatus , a lizard subspecies endemic to central Mexico. We characterize the life history of this subspecies, provide quantitative information relevant to conservation, and add to the growing literature on the diversity of life histories in the genus Sceloporus . We calculated body growth rates and fitted them to the Von Bertalanffy, the logistic-by-length, and the logistic-by-weight growth models. The Von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit, and we used it to analyze the growth pattern. Growth rates were similar during the 1st year of life in both sexes, but after that point males grew faster and reached maturity earlier (20 months) than females (31 months). We used a population projection matrix to model population dynamics during 2003–2004 and found a positive population growth rate (λ = 1.769). However, based on the projected stable size-class vector ( w ), this population does not appear to have reached stability, and it might be currently experiencing considerable interannual fluctuations. Elasticity values showed that the transition from the juvenile stage to the 1st adult stage was the vital rate that contributes the most to population growth rate, followed by fecundity and stasis of the 1st reproductive category. While total elasticities for demographic processes were similar, elasticities per size class showed the relatively high importance of small adults in comparison to juveniles and large adults. The restriction of this endemic subspecies to central Mexico, where human activities and consequent habitat destruction are increasing, demands further quantitative evaluation and monitoring of populations, even though our results indicate a potential for population growth.     

一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元中的应用

为研究一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元分析中的应用,采用第二类拉格朗日方程建立向量式有限元的质点运动方程,从能量原理推导了一致质量矩阵、集中质量矩阵和力矩阵,并引入节点位移约束,对两种质量矩阵在杆系结构中的向量化方程及含义作了对比.进一步通过受冲击荷载的无约束杆算例和受突加荷载的平面桁架算例,对比了采用两种质量矩阵的向量式有限元、刚体动力学及ANSYS分析软件得到的动力响应.结果表明:在瞬态动力分析中,采用一致质量矩阵比集中质量矩阵得到的结果更精确.当计算刚体平动时,两种质量矩阵的计算结果接近;而当计算刚体转动时,采用一致质量矩阵的向量式有限元方法具有较好的计算精度和效率,从而验证了一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元中的适用性和精准性.     

基于机液联合仿真的剪叉机构疲劳寿命分析

为解决工程机械复杂机液结构的疲劳寿命计算问题,以某型号高空作业平台剪叉机构为研究对象,提出了一种基于机液联合仿真的结构疲劳寿命计算方法.首先,建立了剪叉机构的机液联合刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型,分析了剪叉机构在举升过程中的受力情况,确定了极限工况为举升阶段79.2 s时刻,提取了各关键铰点处的载荷谱;并通过剪叉机构的油缸压力和结构应力测试实验,验证了动力学仿真模型的正确性;然后,基于联合仿真确定的极限工况和铰点载荷谱,对剪叉臂进行了极限工况下和单位载荷作用下的静力学分析,得到了剪叉臂结构应力分布情况;最后,利用铰点载荷谱和剪叉臂结构应力通过仿真获得剪叉臂疲劳损伤云图,确定了剪叉臂疲劳危险部位主要是剪叉臂各个零部件的连接位置处,为后续的疲劳寿命优化提供了基础.     

一种可再生能源接入的多端口 变换器及其能量协同管理

针对水力发电和光伏发电存在功率波动大、稳定性差等问题,提出了一种适应新能源接入的多端口变换器及能量协同控制方案.首先,针对多端口变换器常见的拓扑结构进行了对比分析,选定了多端口变换器的拓扑结构;其次,针对多种新能源(如光、水、风力等)能量互补的一般性问题,提出了一种基于多端口变换器的多模态能量协同控制方案.最后,仿真模拟了多工况下的运行状态,仿真结果表明,双层控制策略能有效地实现能量协调调度,能解决某局部区域内的负荷季节性过载问题.该多端口变换器能实现对直流母线电压、输出功率等关键参数的控制,具有较强的适应能力.     

装配式钢管密肋保温复合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究钢管分布形式对钢管密肋保温复合剪力墙墙体抗震性能的影响,设计制作了4片缩尺比为1∶2的装配式钢管密肋保温复合剪力墙墙体,通过对1片剪力墙墙体的轴压试验和3片剪力墙墙体的低周往复荷载试验,研究了墙体的破坏形态及模式、承载能力、滞回特性、骨架曲线、刚度退化以及变形和耗能性能.试验结果表明:对于竖向荷载作用下的密肋复合墙体,由于在肋柱中布置了钢管,其抗压承载力显著提高;对于低周往复荷载作用的密肋复合墙体,其主要破坏形态为整体剪切破坏,且基本按照“填充砌块—肋格—边框柱”的顺序破坏,与普通钢筋密肋复合墙相比,钢管密肋保温复合墙的抗剪承载力提高了112％,同时具有良好的变形能力和耗能性能.研究结果完善了装配式密肋复合板结构体系,为密肋复合板结构应用于高层住宅建筑提供了理论依据.     

串列双方柱的风压特性及其流场机理

为了研究干扰条件下方柱的风压特性及其流场机理,以串列双方柱为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法,在雷诺数Re=8×104、间距比P/B=1.1～5的条件下,研究了两个方柱的风压系数、气动力系数、风压非高斯特性、风压相关性随间距比的变化规律,重点探讨了双方柱流场特性及其与风压非高斯特性的内在联系.研究结果表明:随着间距比的增大,串列双方柱依次表现为3种流态,即单一钝体、剪切层再附和双涡脱流态,风压特性与流态密切相关.风压的非高斯特性和风压相关性随流态变化呈现为3种类型:在单一钝体流态下,柱间回流区附近的表面风压呈现明显的非高斯特性且风压相关性较强;在剪切层再附流态下,方柱尾流的涡脱强度低,风压相关性弱,但风压非高斯区域大;在双涡脱流态下,受上游方柱尾流旋涡的作用,方柱侧风面的风压相关性较强,下游方柱的侧风面和背风面出现大范围的风压非高斯区域.     

斜拉桥多索-浅拱-弹性约束模型及面内自由振动

考虑斜拉桥的初始构型和支座刚度,建立了竖向弹性约束下的多索-浅拱动力学模型.首先基于索和浅拱的经典动力学方程,将浅拱在索-拱耦合处分段,推导了竖向弹性约束多索-浅拱的面内自由振动理论.然后采用分离变量法对其面内特征值问题进行了求解.同时以双索-浅拱模型为例,建立了相应的有限元模型,并将论文方法算出的频率和模态与有限元结果进行对比,从而验证了论文方法和模型的正确性.最后,对竖向弹性约束双索-浅拱的动力学特性进行了系统的参数化分析.结果表明:竖向刚度对系统的动力学特性有着明显的影响.     

一种含n层X形结构隔振器动力学特性研究

针对含1层X形结构的三参数隔振器谐振频率会向高频移动的问题,提出一种新型含n层X形结构隔振器.采用谐波平衡法建立新型隔振系统动态响应的解析模型,并将解析解与时域数值解和多体动力学软件Adams得到的仿真数据进行对比,验证了所建含n层X形结构隔振器模型的正确性.基于建立的模型,通过计算对比了新型隔振器与传统两参数隔振器、三参数隔振器、含1层X形结构隔振器的力传递率曲线,得出含n层X形结构隔振器可以进一步降低谐振处的峰值,且谐振频率比向低频发生移动.经过研究得出影响含n层X形结构隔振器性能的主要参数为阻尼比、初始夹角、刚度比,与激励力幅值以及杆长无关;进一步分析了阻尼比、初始夹角、刚度比对隔振系统传递特性的影响,得出通过选择合适的设计参数,可以使含n层X形结构隔振器在谐振频率的峰值进一步减小,且在高频处的隔振性能保持不变.