基于改进KAZE特征的合成孔径雷达匹配算法

自主导航系统是高超声速飞行器自主控制性能的关键因素.合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统作为高超声速飞行器的关键导航设备,其获取的SAR图像受高超飞行器影响存在严重噪声干扰.在分析KAZE特征检测算法的基础上,针对KAZE算法计算复杂度高的问题,引入Fast Explicit Diffusion算法,设计了快速非线性尺度空间构建方法,并在此基础上提出了改进KAZE特征检测算法和基于改进KAZE算法的惯导/SAR组合导航景象匹配算法.通过仿真验证表明,提出的改进KAZE特征算法在保留KAZE算法噪声鲁棒性的同时,有效降低了KAZE算法的复杂度,其计算效率与SIFT算法相当,位置误差估计精度优于SIFT算法.     

薄差储层预测技术在葡南油田的应用

葡南油田葡一组油层属薄差储层,用普通波阻抗反演方法难以解决薄砂体识别精度低的问题。在忠实于原始地震反射的波胆抗反演数据体基础上,针对本区自然电位曲线对砂泥岩识别明显、深侧向电阻率曲线对含油性判别较好的特点,结合构造建模、小层精细划分和对比,利用地质统计和建模技术,采用序贯高斯模拟方法并同位协同波阻杭反演结果进行自然电位和深侧向电阻率体的岩性模拟,建立储层岩性预测模型。模拟结果的地质统计特征与原始数据的统计特征相符,用新完钻的18口井对预测结果进行验证,砂体预测厚度符合率达78%,能够较好地解决油田薄砂体储层横向预测难题。     

德国的危机预防信息系统

对巨大灾难的管理(包括自然和人为的灾难)要获得高效、取得成功,决策者必须要及时获取相关信息。德国早年的一些大规模的灾难,例如2002年8月易北河的大洪水、1999年12月发生在德国南部的Lothar暴风雪,都显示了灾难管理部门只获取了部分的必需信息,在联邦政府和受灾地区的灾难反应部门间的通讯信息流也是极度不足。有鉴于此,2001年夏天德国内政部门决定建立“危机预防信息系统”(GermanEmergencyPlanningInformationSystem/简称deNIS)。在此基础上开发的denISⅡ的目标则是为市     

Predictability of Plastic Parts Behaviour Made from Rapid Manufacturing

One of the most important issues to resolve in parts manufactured from rapid manufacturing (RM) technologies is to know their behavior working under real conditions. Total quality manufacturing (TQM) is only possible if mechanical properties are well known in the design stage depending on the processing parameters. This work is mainly focused on testing of several samples made with different selective laser sintering (SLS) parameters and technologies. This procedure is the starting point to establish a basis for designing for RM and the standardization of RM testing. The experiments and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyzed the effects of several factors on mechanical properties. The SLS technologies were 3DSystem and EOS. The results show which factor has a large effect on the variables and the interaction between them. The conclusions are very useful for developing rules for designing (designing for RM) and creating new standard rules (ISO, AISI, and DIN) for RM materials and parts testing. The ANOVA gives a better knowledge of the effects of these factors and eliminates unimportant parameters.     

气顶油藏屏障注水数值模拟

探讨气顶油藏屏障注水提高油藏开发效果的机理,并优化屏障注水参数。以国外某气顶油藏的储层特征为基础,通过油藏数值模拟方法,对气顶油藏屏障注水运移规律及作用机理进行分析。结果表明,屏障形成前,屏障水以径向流的运移规律向气顶和油环流动,分别补充油区与气区地层能量,延长开发年限,有效抑制气顶膨胀能,减缓油气界面运移速度,降低油井生产油气比,提高油井开发效果。当屏障形成后,屏障切断油区与气区的通道,将气顶油环分为一个大气顶小油环与小气顶大油环,实现气顶油环单独开采,有效防止油气互窜。结合该油藏的开发政策,优化气顶油环屏障注水参数及开发方式,分别从油侵损失量和气顶油环采出程度两个方面综合考虑,最优屏障井位置随着注采比的增加逐渐往气顶方向移动,并最终稳定在一定位置。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Spin-orbit (SO) coupling--the interaction between a quantum particle's spin and its momentum--is ubiquitous in physical systems. In condensed matter systems, SO coupling is crucial for the spin-Hall effect and topological insulators; it contributes to the electronic properties of materials such as GaAs, and is important for spintronic devices. Quantum many-body systems of ultracold atoms can be precisely controlled experimentally, and would therefore seem to provide an ideal platform on which to study SO coupling. Although an atom's intrinsic SO coupling affects its electronic structure, it does not lead to coupling between the spin and the centre-of-mass motion of the atom. Here, we engineer SO coupling (with equal Rashba and Dresselhaus strengths) in a neutral atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by dressing two atomic spin states with a pair of lasers. Such coupling has not been realized previously for ultracold atomic gases, or indeed any bosonic system. Furthermore, in the presence of the laser coupling, the interactions between the two dressed atomic spin states are modified, driving a quantum phase transition from a spatially spin-mixed state (lasers off) to a phase-separated state (above a critical laser intensity). We develop a many-body theory that provides quantitative agreement with the observed location of the transition. The engineered SO coupling--equally applicable for bosons and fermions--sets the stage for the realization of topological insulators in fermionic neutral atom systems.