快速成型中零件水平下表面支撑设计规则的研究

利用可仿真成型过程中层间力学行为的有限元计算模型，对零件分层后截面形状与收缩变形趋势间的关系及支撑间距与层片最大变形量间的关系进行了研究．研究表明，零件层片边界为翘曲变形的最大处，支撑间距与层片最大变形量间近似呈线性关系，因此零件水平下表面应沿边界设计成墙式支撑，边界区域内应设计成十字交叉支撑．针对XJ-01树脂，当支撑间距设计为10mm时，光固化快速成型制作可以满足成型精度的要求．     

草莓的脱毒培养技术

本文研究了草莓的脱毒培养技术,对于国内外已采用的两种培养方法进行了改进和提高,并且得到了批量的脱毒苗投入生产应用。     

完全各向同性解耦3T1R型并联机器人构型综合

为综合得到完全各向同性解耦并联机器人构型,基于GF集理论提出了一种简单而有效的构型综合方法.阐述GF集的基本概念、运算法则,转动特征存在条件;给出机构输入运动副选择原则和分支设计准则,确保了并联机构运动各向同性及解耦性;根据该构型综合原理,实现了3T1R的4自由度完全各向同性解耦并联机构型综合,得到了大量新构型;针对所综合的一种新型并联机构,运用螺旋理论求解其机构的自由度并推导其雅克比矩阵,验证了该机构的完全各向同性,也进一步证明了该构型综合方法的有效性.     

基于Curvelet变换的图像去噪

小波变换在分析二维图像中曲线或者直线边缘特征方面存在明显不足,而由小波变换而来的Curvelet变换具有很强的方向性,能更好地逼近和稀疏表达平滑区域和边缘部分。本文首先介绍了一代和二代Curvelet变换的概念及二代Curvelet变换快速离散算法的实现,然后分别采用小波变换和二代Curvelet变换的快速离散算法进行图像去噪实验。实验采用Wrap（Wrapping—based transform）算法实现有关Curvelet变换,即在USFFT方法上增加一个Wrap步骤,将任意区域通过周期化技术一一映射到原点的仿射区域。对比试验结果表明,在图像消噪中二代Curvelet变换的离散算法较小波变换有更好的视觉效果,而且PSNR也有一定的提高。     

有载分接开关驱动轴转动位置的闭环反馈抗扰控制策略

针对有载分接开关在实现切换工作时驱动轴存在传动不稳定、转动位置不精确的问题,提出了一种以有载分接开关驱动轴转动位置为被控量的闭环反馈抗扰控制策略。首先,根据在电动机构作用下有载分接开关工作状态对驱动轴的转动位置需求,建立了驱动轴期望位置的误差动态控制系统;其次,设计了两个跟踪微分器以计算驱动轴位置信号的光滑跟踪信号,进而可通过调节参数来控制驱动轴位置轨迹的过渡过程;然后,设计了两个扩张状态观测器去估计误差动态控制系统中的状态值及由于有载分接开关在工作中受负载变化、切换方向改变等因素引起的总和扰动值;最后,利用驱动轴位置误差信号及误差动态控制系统的状态估计值设计非线性反馈控制器,并在控制器中补偿扩张状态观测器估计的总和扰动值来实现抗扰控制效果。应用Matlab仿真软件对所提控制策略进行了验证,仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可实现有载分接开关驱动轴的期望位置控制,与传统PID控制策略相比,所提抗扰控制策略将有载分接开关驱动轴闭环反馈控制下位置误差减少了85%。     

限宽水域中船舶平面运动机构试验及水动力导数数值模拟

为探究有限宽度水域中大型船舶的水动力特性,基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术对限宽水域中的平面运动机构(PMM)试验进行数值模拟.在对有限水域宽度的PMM试验的动态模拟上,开发了混合动网格技术,数值计算结果与循环水槽PMM试验结果对比证明采用该方法有效.继而模拟不同宽度水域中的PMM试验,分析船舶水动力随运动速度变化的关系.结果表明,限宽水域中水动力随运动速度变化的非线性特征更为显著,船舶操纵加速度导数增大,位置导数减小,旋转导数的绝对值有所增加,二阶非线性导数值变化较大.     

WGS-84坐标系下改进的广义最小二乘配准算法

针对广义最小二乘算法在WGS-84坐标系中存在收敛速度慢及收敛性能不稳定的问题,提出了一种改进的广义最小二乘算法.该算法以收敛步数作为最小二乘算法中的量测精度加权因子,使得量测精度随着步数的变化而变化,从而实现了收敛步数的减少和收敛之后稳定性的改善,提高了目标跟踪定位的性能.仿真结果表明,改进的广义最小二乘算法优于广义最小二乘算法,进一步验证了该算法的有效性.     

Delayed ageing through damage protection by the Arf/p53 pathway

The tumour-suppressor pathway formed by the alternative reading frame protein of the Cdkn2a locus (Arf) and by p53 (also called Trp53) plays a central part in the detection and elimination of cellular damage, and this constitutes the basis of its potent cancer protection activity. Similar to cancer, ageing also results from the accumulation of damage and, therefore, we have reasoned that Arf/p53 could have anti-ageing activity by alleviating the load of age-associated damage. Here we show that genetically manipulated mice with increased, but otherwise normally regulated, levels of Arf and p53 present strong cancer resistance and have decreased levels of ageing-associated damage. These observations extend the protective role of Arf/p53 to ageing, revealing a previously unknown anti-ageing mechanism and providing a rationale for the co-evolution of cancer resistance and longevity.     

Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy for ultrafast imaging based on multi-wavelength laser

In this paper, a serial time-encoded amplified microscopy （STEAM） by employing a multiwavelength laser as the light source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This system achieves ultrafast optical imaging with a tunable frame rate. The measuring range depends on the spectrum width of the multiwavelength laser. Through tuning the speed of the modulating signal, the frame rate ranges from 100 to 250 MHz. In addition, the spatial resolution can be improved by increasing the group velocity dispersion and reducing the wavelength spacing. Finally, with the development of photonic integrate circuits （PIC）, the multiwavelength laser source has the potential for integration on a photonic chip and thus the size of the proposed STEAM could be reduced in the future.     

Molecular evolution of connective tissue growth factor in Cyprinidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and individual development in animals. The study of sequences variation and molecular evolution of CTGF gene across various species of the cyprinid could be helpful for understanding of speciation and gene divergence in this kind of fish. In this study, 19 novel sequences of CTGF gene were obtained from the representative species of the family Cyprinidae using PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyprinidae were reconstructed by neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian method. Oryzias latipes from the family Cyprinodontidae was assigned to be the outgroup taxon. Leuciscini and Barbini were clustered into the monophyletic lineages respectively with the high nodal supports. The estimation of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution (dN/dS) for the various branches indicated that there stood the different evolution rates between the Leuciscini and the Barbini. With the ratio of dN/dS of the Leuciscini being lower than that of the Barbini, species within the Barbini were demonstrated to be subjected to the relatively less selection pressure and under the relaxable evolution background. A 6 bp indel (insertion/deletion) was found at the 5' end of CTGF gene of Cyprinidae, and this 6 bp deletion only appeared in the Leuciscini, which is a typical characteristic of the Leuciscini and provides evidence for the monophylogeny of the Leuciscini. For the amino acid sequences of CTGF protein, the most variations and Indels were distributed in the signal region and IGFBP region of this protein, implying that these variations were correlated with the regulation of the CTGF gene expression and protein activity.