静水压力下橡胶动态力学参数的声管测量方法

建立了利用水声声管进行静水压力下橡胶材料动态力学参数测量的方法.基于含均匀圆柱空腔结构中弹性波传播的等效复波数近似解和水声声管中等效复波数的测量、求解方法,通过制作均匀实心结构和含均匀圆柱空腔结构两种试样,分别获取其纵波波数和等效复波数,联合求解反演出橡胶材料的动态力学参数.对某橡胶材料常压和静压下的动态力学参数进行测试,总结出静水压力对橡胶材料动态力学参数的影响规律,对测试误差产生的原因进行讨论分析.对比静水压力下某声学覆盖层的吸声系数测试结果和采用实测橡胶材料参数进行有限元分析的结果,表明该方法具有较高的精度和潜在的应用价值.     

面波勘探和台阵地脉动观测相结合的地基调查法及其在松江古照壁保护中的应用

通过对高密度面波勘探和台阵地脉动勘探的频散分析算法的理论分析,推导出了2种勘探数据频散分析目标函数的统一表达式.根据该结果,用加权函数将2个目标函数结合起来,联合分析2种数据得到一条由高频到低频的完整的频散曲线;反演该频散曲线就可得到由地表到大深度的地下构造.将该方法应用于松江古照壁文物保护之地基勘查,为建立地震响应分析模型提供了由地表到40 m深处的横波速度构造.该方法是一种简便快速并兼顾浅层精度和勘探深度的工程地质调查方法.     

提高川东复杂地质深井超深井机械钻速的研究

针对川东高陡地质构造复杂,钻井中深井、超深井机械钻速低,建井周期长,钻井成本过高的问题,分析了川东地区钻井速度低的原因,介绍了岩石的各种性质,钻头选型依据以及如何评判钻头井下使用情况等方面的知识,阐述了合理使用钻头的方法,提出了在川东地区高陡构造地层中提高钻井速度的三种措施：（1） 采用以偏轴-钟摆钻具组合为主的钻井方式进行钻进;（2） 开展喷射钻井,促进机械钻速提高;（3） 开展水力加压器的应用。以期不断优化和强化钻进技术来提高钻井速度确保井身质量。     

水合物合成电容特性与降压开采二维实验研究

在天然气水合物二维开采模拟系统基础上,进行了水合物原位生成及分解过程的实验研究,探讨了温度、压力及电容的变化特性;开展了天然气水合物降压开采二维实验研究,得到了二维开采过程中各参数的动态变化规律,并对敏感因素进行了评价。在水合物合成过程中,随水合物饱和度的增加,水量的不断减少,电容量总体减小趋势明显。降压开采表明在二维平面上存在一定的压差与温差,其中温降随与开采井的距离增大而减小。产气过程分为流动阻力控制、分解速率控制以及残余气体采出三个部分,主要受分解速率和流动阻力共同影响。     

螺栓支承面有效半径的影响因素

为得到螺栓拧紧扭矩与预紧力之间的精确关系,对影响螺栓支承面(螺栓头和螺母)有效半径的计算方法、预紧力、被连接件弹性模量、板厚、孔隙、螺距等因素进行了研究.采用ANSYS参数化设计语言,构建了具有螺纹特征的螺栓连接件参数化有限元模型,通过Ⅰ-Scan压力薄膜传感器测量被连接板结合面的压力分布,并与有限元模型的计算结果进行比较,间接地验证了参数化模型的可靠性.通过获取螺栓连接件支承面的压力分布方式,结合螺栓支承面有效半径的计算方法对螺栓支承面的有效半径进行了计算.计算结果表明,螺栓支承面的有效半径随着预紧力、孔隙的增加而增加,随着板厚、被连接板弹性模量的增加而减小,有效半径与预紧力、弹性模量之间成非线性关系,与孔隙之间成线性关系且斜率为0.53～0.56.     

一种仿生机械臂空间位置反馈方法的研究

为了解决仿生机械臂空间位置反馈的问题,将眼电图作为神经反馈,应用于仿生机械臂空间位置反馈系统,通过多角度目标点重复扫视实验,分析眼球转动角度与对应眼电信号特征之间的映射规律,建立了人眼双目视觉定位模型.采用四元数法构建人眼、仿生机械臂坐标转换模型,并通过自行设计的物理实验平台进行坐标转换参数标定、计算旋转矩阵和平移向量,根据参数化定位模型将提取到的目标点转换为机械臂坐标系位置信息,从而实现了空间定位.研究结果表明,人眼双目视觉的定位模型可以有效地提取目标点坐标,为仿生机械臂提供空间位置反馈,同时也为仿生机械臂空间位置反馈提供了新思路.     

A murine lung cancer co-clinical trial identifies genetic modifiers of therapeutic response

Targeted therapies have demonstrated efficacy against specific subsets of molecularly defined cancers. Although most patients with lung cancer are stratified according to a single oncogenic driver, cancers harbouring identical activating genetic mutations show large variations in their responses to the same targeted therapy. The biology underlying this heterogeneity is not well understood, and the impact of co-existing genetic mutations, especially the loss of tumour suppressors, has not been fully explored. Here we use genetically engineered mouse models to conduct a 'co-clinical' trial that mirrors an ongoing human clinical trial in patients with KRAS-mutant lung cancers. This trial aims to determine if the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) increases the efficacy of docetaxel, a standard of care chemotherapy. Our studies demonstrate that concomitant loss of either p53 (also known as Tp53) or Lkb1 (also known as Stk11), two clinically relevant tumour suppressors, markedly impaired the response of Kras-mutant cancers to docetaxel monotherapy. We observed that the addition of selumetinib provided substantial benefit for mice with lung cancer caused by Kras and Kras and p53 mutations, but mice with Kras and Lkb1 mutations had primary resistance to this combination therapy. Pharmacodynamic studies, including positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), identified biological markers in mice and patients that provide a rationale for the differential efficacy of these therapies in the different genotypes. These co-clinical results identify predictive genetic biomarkers that should be validated by interrogating samples from patients enrolled on the concurrent clinical trial. These studies also highlight the rationale for synchronous co-clinical trials, not only to anticipate the results of ongoing human clinical trials, but also to generate clinically relevant hypotheses that can inform the analysis and design of human studies.     

Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons

The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, because photons do not possess charge, a way of controlling them efficiently by electrical means has so far proved elusive. A promising way to achieve electric control of light could be through plasmon polaritons—coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers—in graphene. In this two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, it is expected that plasmon polaritons and their associated optical fields can readily be tuned electrically by varying the graphene carrier density. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically, no experiments so far have directly resolved propagating plasmons in real space. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using near-field scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. We provide real-space images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very short—more than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors. This successful alliance between nanoelectronics and nano-optics enables the development of active subwavelength-scale optics and a plethora of nano-optoelectronic devices and functionalities, such as tunable metamaterials, nanoscale optical processing, and strongly enhanced light–matter interactions for quantum devices and biosensing applications.     

大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳静力及抗震性能分析

运用ANSYS软件对大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳结构进行系统的静力性能分析,详细研究了结构跨度S、矢高f、环向区域份数Kn、径向节点圈数nx对结构静力性能的影响;在此基础上对结构进行自振特性分析和地震响应分析。探讨了跨度、矢高对结构基频的影响规律,及结构环向区域份数、径向节点圈数对结构震后最大位移的影响规律。研究结果表明:大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳静力性能良好,矢高对结构静力性能影响不大,环向区域份数、径向节点圈数对结构静力性能影响较复杂;结构自振频率分布和振型有很强的规律性,结构基频对跨度较敏感;结构抗震性能优越,结构环向区域份数对结构震后最大位移影响较大。     

超声波法在检测导堤表面混凝土结构中的应用

基于超声波无损检测理论,建立了超声波检测混凝土结构强度的预测方法.以吴淞导堤表面混凝土质量检测为案例,比较分析了4 200个超声波法预测的和400个现场钻孔取芯实测的混凝土强度值.结果表明,混凝土强度实测值和预测值均近似服从正态分布,概率峰值区间分别位于12~16MPa和9~15MPa,分布密度分别为28%和23.26%,强度分布区域均为3~25MPa,且均小于设计值,预测结果和实测值吻合度较高.