基于车队稳定性的安全时距及其确定方法

为确定车辆自适应巡航控制的安全时距,以互连系统稳定性理论为基础,提出了一种基于车队稳定性的安全时距.在建立车辆跟随控制模型的基础上,分析了车队的局部稳定性,进而研究了安全时距与车队全局稳定性之间的关系,给出了基于车队稳定性的安全时距的确定方法.仿真实验结果表明,采用基于车队稳定性的安全时距,能够在不同条件下保证车队中所有车辆的安全性.     

A murine lung cancer co-clinical trial identifies genetic modifiers of therapeutic response

Targeted therapies have demonstrated efficacy against specific subsets of molecularly defined cancers. Although most patients with lung cancer are stratified according to a single oncogenic driver, cancers harbouring identical activating genetic mutations show large variations in their responses to the same targeted therapy. The biology underlying this heterogeneity is not well understood, and the impact of co-existing genetic mutations, especially the loss of tumour suppressors, has not been fully explored. Here we use genetically engineered mouse models to conduct a 'co-clinical' trial that mirrors an ongoing human clinical trial in patients with KRAS-mutant lung cancers. This trial aims to determine if the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) increases the efficacy of docetaxel, a standard of care chemotherapy. Our studies demonstrate that concomitant loss of either p53 (also known as Tp53) or Lkb1 (also known as Stk11), two clinically relevant tumour suppressors, markedly impaired the response of Kras-mutant cancers to docetaxel monotherapy. We observed that the addition of selumetinib provided substantial benefit for mice with lung cancer caused by Kras and Kras and p53 mutations, but mice with Kras and Lkb1 mutations had primary resistance to this combination therapy. Pharmacodynamic studies, including positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), identified biological markers in mice and patients that provide a rationale for the differential efficacy of these therapies in the different genotypes. These co-clinical results identify predictive genetic biomarkers that should be validated by interrogating samples from patients enrolled on the concurrent clinical trial. These studies also highlight the rationale for synchronous co-clinical trials, not only to anticipate the results of ongoing human clinical trials, but also to generate clinically relevant hypotheses that can inform the analysis and design of human studies.     

Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons

The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, because photons do not possess charge, a way of controlling them efficiently by electrical means has so far proved elusive. A promising way to achieve electric control of light could be through plasmon polaritons—coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers—in graphene. In this two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, it is expected that plasmon polaritons and their associated optical fields can readily be tuned electrically by varying the graphene carrier density. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically, no experiments so far have directly resolved propagating plasmons in real space. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using near-field scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. We provide real-space images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very short—more than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors. This successful alliance between nanoelectronics and nano-optics enables the development of active subwavelength-scale optics and a plethora of nano-optoelectronic devices and functionalities, such as tunable metamaterials, nanoscale optical processing, and strongly enhanced light–matter interactions for quantum devices and biosensing applications.     

大推力液体火箭发动机试验用涡轮流量计结构优化设计

为提高大推力火箭发动机试验用DN600涡轮流量计在液氧中的测量精度,采用六自由度(6DOF)模型结合流体仿真方法对涡轮叶片进行优化设计。首先,基于水介质下涡轮流量计的仪表系数,构造高保真流体仿真模型。然后,通过热固耦合仿真建立低温液氧下流量计的冷缩等效模型,并利用流体仿真获取水介质和液氧中流量计仪表系数的等效关系。最后,以仪表系数的线性度误差最小化为优化目标,通过正交试验优化涡轮叶片的中径来流角、轴向宽度和重合度。仿真结果表明：涡轮流量计在液氧和水介质中的仪表系数成正相关;优化的中径来流角、轴向宽度和重合度分别为55°、55 mm、1;相比于原始结构,优化后涡轮流量计的仪表系数线性度误差降低了0.104 5%,其测量精度显著提升。     

Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus is exceptional among microorganisms in being both a primary and opportunistic pathogen as well as a major allergen. Its conidia production is prolific, and so human respiratory tract exposure is almost constant. A. fumigatus is isolated from human habitats and vegetable compost heaps. In immunocompromised individuals, the incidence of invasive infection can be as high as 50% and the mortality rate is often about 50% (ref. 2). The interaction of A. fumigatus and other airborne fungi with the immune system is increasingly linked to severe asthma and sinusitis. Although the burden of invasive disease caused by A. fumigatus is substantial, the basic biology of the organism is mostly obscure. Here we show the complete 29.4-megabase genome sequence of the clinical isolate Af293, which consists of eight chromosomes containing 9,926 predicted genes. Microarray analysis revealed temperature-dependent expression of distinct sets of genes, as well as 700 A. fumigatus genes not present or significantly diverged in the closely related sexual species Neosartorya fischeri, many of which may have roles in the pathogenicity phenotype. The Af293 genome sequence provides an unparalleled resource for the future understanding of this remarkable fungus.     

大型集装箱船拖曳水池敞开式风场中风阻试验与数值计算

就拖曳水池开展了风场研究,对敞开式风场风阻试验进行了可行性验证.在此基础上,对一缩尺比为1.0∶87.5的3 100箱集装箱船模进行了风阻测试与集装箱布置优化分析,结合一系列布置方案试验结果以及计算流体力学CFD数值模拟计算,讨论了集装箱布置对船舶风阻的影响.结果表明:敞开式风场中风阻试验是一种简单有效的新式测量方法;试验结果与CFD及ITTC推荐公式进行了交叉验证,具有一定可靠性,CFD在精度与细节模拟上效果更佳;布置优化可以有效减少大型集装箱船风阻.     

汽车人机界面人体上肢位姿建模与优化研究

针对汽车人机操控界面设计的匹配分析需要,构建了一种用于人机操控界面设计分析的5自由度人体上肢运动模型,来模拟人体上肢运动并计算掌心的位姿.以人体上肢动作住姿舒适为优化目标,建立了人体上肢舒适操作的优化模型,通过求解能够获得人体上肢舒适操作的最优位姿.仿真结果表明,优化模型合理、实用,以汽车驾驶舱中换档杆布局设计为应用实例,通过优化模型求得了相应的舒适位姿和舒适度曲线图.研究结果可为汽车人机操控界面设计的合理匹配提供优化分析.     

超声波法在检测导堤表面混凝土结构中的应用

基于超声波无损检测理论,建立了超声波检测混凝土结构强度的预测方法.以吴淞导堤表面混凝土质量检测为案例,比较分析了4 200个超声波法预测的和400个现场钻孔取芯实测的混凝土强度值.结果表明,混凝土强度实测值和预测值均近似服从正态分布,概率峰值区间分别位于12~16MPa和9~15MPa,分布密度分别为28%和23.26%,强度分布区域均为3~25MPa,且均小于设计值,预测结果和实测值吻合度较高.     

Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

Based on some 40 billion cosmic ray events collected from 1997 to 2005 by the Tibet Air Shower Array experiment (a major scientific collaboration between China and Japan) operating at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (90.522 E, 30. 102 N; 4300 m above sea level) near Lhasa in Tibet, a two-dimensiondl cosmic-ray intensity map in the sky was obtained with very high directional granularity and unprecedented precision in intensity at a level of 10-4.