基于后悔理论和COPRAS的 概率语言FMEA风险评估方法

针对传统故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）方法存在容易造成专家风险评估信息的丢失、忽略专家有限理性行为和风险指标之间的相对重要性等问题,提出了一种基于后悔理论和复杂比例评估（COPRAS）方法的概率语言FMEA风险评估方法. 首先采用概率语言术语集（PLTS）描述专家风险评估信息的不确定性和模糊性;然后运用概率语言连乘层次分析法（PL-MAHP）和最大偏差法相结合的综合赋权法获得风险因子综合权重;其次考虑到风险评估过程中专家的心理特征行为,利用后悔理论和COPRAS方法确定故障模式风险优先序;最后通过砂轮架故障风险评估案例来验证该方法的适用性和有效性. 灵敏度和对比分析结果表明：相比于现有其他方法,该方法得到的故障模式风险排序结果更合理可靠.     

Genetic background of phenotypic variation

A noteworthy feature of the living world is its bewildering variability. A key issue in several biological disciplines is the achievement of an understanding of the hereditary basis of this variability. Two opposing, but not necessarily irreconcilable conceptions attempt to explain the underlying mechanism. The gene function paradigm postulates that phenotypic variance is generated by the polymorphism in the coding sequences of genes. However, comparisons of a great number of homologous gene and protein sequences have revealed that they predominantly remained functionally conserved even across distantly related phylogenic taxa. Alternatively, the gene regulation paradigm assumes that differences in the cis-regulatory region of genes do account for phenotype variation within species. An extension of this latter concept is that phenotypic variability is generated by the polymorphism in the overall gene expression profiles of gene networks. In other words, the activity of a particular gene is a system property determined both by the cis-regulatory sequences of the given genes and by the other genes of a gene network, whose expressions vary among individuals, too. Novel proponents of gene function paradigm claim that functional genetic variance within the coding sequences of regulatory genes is critical for the generation of morphological polymorphism. Note, however, that these developmental genes play direct regulatory roles in the control of gene expression.     

┱?例杨金彪;福建省南平市第

鸨?114尼美舒利致肝功能损伤1例陈瑶;李岚;厦门市妇幼保健院药剂科,上海儿童医学中心药剂科 厦门361000,上海200000尼美舒利;;肝功能损害0海峡药学Strait Pharmaceutical Journal118-119R725.9E06938E;E069_38陈瑶;114-115门诊药房实行专科药师制度的必要性陈成辉;何丽芳;     

随机车流作用下桥梁冲击系数分析

为研究交通车辆作用下在役桥梁的振动特征,需提出随机车流作用下桥梁的冲击系数计算方法.根据响应面分析方法拟合了影响面的函数表达式,求得随机车流作用下桥梁结构最大静挠度;基于已编制的车-桥耦合振动分析程序,获得各类车型单独作用下车-桥耦合接触力,用该耦合接触力等效代替各类车辆三维模型作用在桥梁结构上,从而获得随机车流作用下桥梁结构的动力效应,并求得相应冲击系数,从而提出了简便且实用的随机车流作用下桥梁结构冲击系数计算方法.通过与规范计算值对比表明,本文所提出的方法能有效地计算随机车流下桥梁的冲击系数.     

RSS拓补结构机座的动态优化

以燃气轮机透平端RSS(旋转对称支承板)机座为研究背景,通过用D’Alembert原理建立了RSS机座的拓补优化域和等价边界条件,从而实现了用均匀化方法的RSS机座拓扑结构优化,得到了旋转对称的弧形支承板拓扑结构的机座.然后,结合原来RSS机座的机构特征在ANSYS workbench中建立了RSS拓补结构光滑有限元模型,并进行了工作条件下的模态分析,以前三阶模态振型中轴承座的振型作为当量静载荷加载到原模型对比计算,验证边界条件的正确性.以RSS机座弧形支承板的四个关键尺寸为设计变量,以机座的变形量和应力为目标函数,进行了随频率变化的动态优化设计.通过优化改变了RSS拓补结构的动态特性,使固有频率远离了工作频率.     

位移放大型扭转阻尼器性能分析

为了加固梁柱节点、避免框架结构出现"弱节点"的破坏模式、提高框架结构整体的抗震和耗能能力,研制出一种具有自主知识产权的位移放大型扭转阻尼器(DATD),并对其进行数值分析和试验研究.首先,设计了18个具有不同参数的DATD,建立其有限元模型进行数值分析;随后,设计并制作了一个DATD,进行性能试验并与有限元分析结果对比.结果表明:DATD滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强;有限元分析与性能试验的滞回曲线吻合较好,且随着加载位移的增加,两者间误差变小,因此可以采用建立的有限元模型来研究DATD的力学性能.最后,对DATD进行参数影响分析,研究了铅芯直径、铅芯距中轴距离、橡胶层直径、橡胶层厚度及橡胶剪切模量对其特征参数的影响,结果表明:DATD的屈服剪力、等效刚度、等效阻尼比及耗能系数随着铅芯直径增大而明显增大,随着铅芯距中轴距离的增大略有增大;随着橡胶层直径、橡胶剪切模量的增大,屈服剪力及等效刚度逐渐增大而耗能系数及等效阻尼比逐渐减小;4个特征参数均随着橡胶层厚度的增大而略微减小.     

Simulating FAS-induced apoptosis by using P systems

In contrast to differential equations, P systems are an unconventional model of computation which takes into consideration the discrete character of the quantity of components and the inherent randomness that exists in biological phenomena. The key feature of P systems is their compartmentalised structure which represents the heterogeneity of the structural organisation of the cells, and where one can take into account the role played by membranes in the functioning of the system, for example signalling at the cell surface, selective uptake of substances from the media, diffusion across different compartments, etc. We show here that P systems can be a reliable tool for Systems Biology and could even outperform in some cases the current simulation techniques based on differential equations. We will also use a strategy based on the well known Gillespie algorithm but running on more than one compartment called Multi-compartmental Gillespie Algorithm.     

基于Q-IGA动态拟合贝塞尔曲线的路径规划

为在路径规划过程中得到一条适用于实际情况的最优路径,并克服遗传算法自身固有的易收敛于局部最优解和复杂度较高的缺点,提出一种基于Q-IGA（Q-standard Improved Genetic Algorithm）算法动态搜索贝塞尔曲线控制点的路径规划算法. 该算法摒弃利用贝塞尔曲线直接拟合最优路径的静态方式,使路径搜索与控制点搜索两个过程同时进行;并且在选择算子中添加一个判断准则,利用Q值检验法剔除相似度较高的解决方案,增强种群的多样性;与此同时,优化适应度函数,加入机器人体积及转弯角度带来的代价,使选择出的路径是一条距离较短且与障碍物保持安全距离的合理路径. 仿真结果表明,Q-IGA算法比改进人工势场法和混合遗传算法得到的路径更为合理,可降低机器人耗能,减少搜索时间,更适于实际的工业应用.     

热轧低碳DC04钢表面色差产生机理及控制

针对钢铁企业生产中热轧低碳DC04钢出现的色差问题,通过对现场取样分析,明确了造成热轧带钢表面色差缺陷的主要原因是中部和边部的氧化铁皮的厚度和结构存在差异.为解决这一问题,利用高温差热分析仪(TGA)和场发射电子探针(EPMA),模拟研究了在连续冷却过程中氧化铁皮微观结构的转变规律.结果表明,先共析Fe3O4优先在原始的Fe3O4层处形核生长,随着温度的降低,开始生成片层状的共析组织Fe3O4+α-Fe,但当冷却速率达到25℃/min时,共析反应被阻止.依据实验结果在生产现场进行工业试制,通过合理的设定卷取温度和冷却速率有效地控制氧化铁皮微观组织结构和厚度,基本消除了表面色差缺陷.     

Microstructural evaluation and nanohardness of an AlCoCuCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy

An AlCoCuCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy(HEA) was prepared by mechanical alloying and sintering to study the effect of Ti addition to the widely studied AlCoCuCrFeNi system. The structural and microstructural characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The formation of four micrometric phases was detected: a Cu-rich phase with a face-centered cubic(fcc) structure, a body-centered cubic(bcc) solid solution with Cu-rich plate-like precipitates(fcc), an ordered bcc phase, and a tetragonal structure. The XRD patterns corroborate the presence of a mixture of bcc-, fcc-, and tetragonal-structured phases. The Vickers hardness of the alloy under study was more than twice that of the AlCoCuCrFeNi alloy. Nanoindentation tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical response of the individual phases to elucidate the relationship between chemical composition, crystal structure, and mechanical performance of the multiphase microstructure of the AlCoCuCrFeNiTi HEA.