SINGULARLY PERTURBED MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES WITH INCLUSION OF TRANSIENT STATES

1 IntroductionMarkov decision processes (MDP) have drawn much sttention because of their capabilityin dealing with a wide range of application under UnCertainty. Many problems in operationsresearch such as resource allocation, queueing networks, and maChine replaCement etc., fit wellin the framework of Markov decision processes. Classical aPProaChes of discrete-time MDPmodels can be foUnd in Dermanll], RDssIZ], and ~e[3] among others.Because most of the systems in real life are large a…     

Expression of human clotting factor Ⅸ mediated by recom- binant lentiviral vector in cultured cells and hemophilia B mice

Hemophilia B, a serious bleeding disorder, is an inherited X chromosome-linked disease for the deficiency or inactivity of human clotting factor Ⅸ (hFⅨ). Though factor substitution therapy has greatly improved the lives of hemophiliac patients, there are still limitations to the current treatment, which have triggered interest in alternative treatments by gene therapy[1]. Based on preclinical studies in rabbits[2], our lab had first initiated an ex vivo gene therapy clinical trial whereby a…     

爱若琴弦

66岁的她静静地站着。“这是我在这个世界里的最后一天了,等到今天过去,我会永远的离开这个世界。”她这样想着,并留恋地看着自己的影子、自己亲手一砖一瓦建起来的城邦和曾经每天陪着自己练功的那150个女仆。“不要再想了,都已经决定了的事。”她勉强地给自己一个笑容。“直的决定了吗?”他问。     

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Phytoliths are noncrystalline minerals that form inside cells and cell walls of different parts of plants. Organic carbon in living cells can be occluded in phytoliths during plant growth. It has been documented that the occluded carbon within phytoliths is an important long-term terrestrial carbon reservoir that has a major role in the global carbon cycle. Common millet and foxtail millet have become typical dry-farming crops in China since the Neolithic Age. The study of carbon conservation within phytoliths in these crops could provide insights into anthropogenic influences on the carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the carbon content in phytoliths of common millet and foxtail millet. The results indicated that (1) common millet and foxtail millet contained 0.136% ± 0.070% and 0.129% ± 0.085% phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) on a dry mass basis, respectively; (2) based on the mean annual production of common millet and foxtail millet in the last 10 years, the phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate of common millet and foxtail millet was approximately 0.023 ± 0.015 and 0.020 ± 0.010 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 , respectively; (3) assuming a similar phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate as for common millet (the highest accumulation rate was 0.038 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 ), this could result in the sequestration of 2.37 × 10 6 t CO 2 per year for the 62.4 × 10 6 ha dry-farming crops in China. Although there was a decline in the annual production rate and planting area of foxtail millet during 1949 to 2008, the total phytolith carbon sequestration rate was 7×10 6 t CO 2 within the 60-year period. However, phytolith occluded carbon has not yet been fully considered as a global carbon sink. Also, this carbon fraction is probably one of the best candidates for the missing carbon sink.     

异丁基硼酸的超声辐射合成

在超声条件下,以卤代烃、金属镁粉、硼酸酯为原料合成了异丁基硼酸.反应的最佳条件为:以碘及二溴乙烷做催化剂,超声波功率为175 W,反应时间为15 min,反应温度为40℃.     

Plankton from Early Cambrian black shale series on the Yangtze Platform, and its influences on lithologies

Blackshalesandcherts ,containingnodularphosphoritesandorelayers[1] arecommonintheEar lyCambriandeeperwaterfaciesoftheYangtzePlat form[2 ] andoffera goodchanceformicropaleonto logicalresearchusingtechniquesofchemicaldissolu tion ,peelingandsectioning .Wetriedtoseparateandinvestigateoceanicplanktoncommunitiesfrombitu minous,“deeperwater”chert ,blackshale andphosphoritelithologies ,andtodocumenttheirpreser vationandinfluencesonthecompositionofthesedi ments .Thepresentpaperaimsatgivingareportof…     

Biore mediation: A review of applications and problems to be resolved

Bioremediationisaformofbiotechnologyhavingthecharacteristicsoflowenergyconsumption ,highefficiencyandhighenvironmentalsafety ,whichcandegradeandremoveenvironmentalpollutantsbythephysicalmetabolismofthebacteria ,fungi,higherplantsandcellularfreeenzymes.Inabroadsense ,bioremediationconsistsofthreemaincategories ,namely :themicrobialremediation ,thephytoreme diationandthecellularfreeenzymeremediation .Asachallengingleadingedgetechnology[1] ,bioremedia tionhasmovedintoaflourishingera .Itisanticipa…     

富勒烯（C60／C70）与N，N，N′，N′-（对甲基苯）-4，4′-二胺-1，1′-二苯碲醚电荷转移复合物的特征

用激光光解方法研究了富勒烯(C60／C70)与N，N，N′，N′-四-(对甲基苯)-4，4’-二胺-1，1′-二苯碲醚电荷转移复合物的特征．通过观察在近红外区瞬间吸收带，富勒烯(C60／C70)激发三线态，富勒烯(C60／C70)阴离子自由基和N，N，N′，N′-四-(对甲基苯)-4，4′-二胺-1，1′-二苯碲醚阳离子自由基的出现，测定了在苯腈溶液中从N，N，N′，N′-四-(对甲基苯)-4，4′-二胺-1，1′-二苯碲醚到富勒烯(C60／C70)激发三线态的量子转化产率和电子转移常数。     

2个同分异构体2-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉锌化合物的合成与发光特性

设计合成了2个含吡啶环2-乙烯喹啉-8-羟基喹啉金属锌配合物的同分异构体,用FT-IR、FAB-MS和元素分析表征了结构,热重分析结果表明化合物3和4的玻璃化转变温度分别在204 ℃,228 ℃. 光致发光(PL)光谱测试结果表明,化合物3的发光峰值为612 nm,橘红色光;化合物4的发光峰值为630 nm,发红色光.用化合物4与TPD组装为双层电子器件,电致发光峰值为656 nm.