生物质/聚吡咯复合材料的电化学性能研究

在造纸行业中作为废液的木质素磺酸盐是一种含有甲氧基和酚羟基的生物质衍生物,由于具有可逆的氧化还原反应而提供赝电容.但木质素磺酸盐的导电性低,从而不能直接作为超级电容器电极.本文在含木质素磺酸钠(Lig)的体系中原位聚合吡咯(Py)制备了具有导电性能的木质素磺酸钠/聚吡咯复合材料(LP).通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测试对其形貌和结构进行表征.结果表明:当Lig与Py质量比为1∶1和电流密度为1 A/g时,复合材料具有高的比电容(346.8 F/g),相比于单纯聚吡咯(PPy)的比电容提高了约50 F/g.而且当电流密度从1 A/g升高到10 A/g时,LP1的倍率性能高达60.8%,比PPy提高了9.3%.在高电流密度10 A/g时,复合物LP1经过1 000次恒电流充放电后仍保留了47%的电容值,表明复合物LP1表现出好的循环稳定性.     

必要的敬畏

正在敬畏中,我们坚守自然的奇异性,向未知敞开心扉。无怪乎它是科学想象力的核心所在。当科学范式被打破时,科学家不得不进入未知领域。这就是科学革命来临之际,托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)所认定的。科学家的世界图景变得站不住脚,学科中公认的真理遭到彻底的怀疑。     

SPE前处理-UHPLC-MS/MS测定MBR中两种 N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯

选用N-己基高丝氨酸内酯(C6-HSL)和N-辛基高丝氨酸内酯(C8-HSL)两种酰基高丝氨酸内酯类(AHLs)为代表物,建立了固相萃取(SPE)-超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)分析膜生物反应器(MBR)活性污泥中AHLs的方法.研究结果表明C6-HSL和C8-HSL在1～200μg/L内有良好的线性关系(R2 0.998),方法的检出限为0.100μg/L,定量限为1.000μg/L,在3个浓度水平下的平均加标回收率为80.69%～83.75%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.71%～7.25%.方法精确度高、重复性好、基质效应弱,适用于MBR活性污泥中痕量AHLs的测定.     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

Review of galactic and extragalactic searches for class I methanol masers

Class I methanol masers are important tools for investigations of star formation throughout the Universe. Recently, a series of surveys for class I methanol masers at the 95 GHz transition toward samples of young stellar objects have been undertaken. These surveys have resulted in the detection of about 200 new class I methanol masers and combined with previous increased the number of known observations they have class I methanol masers in our Galaxy to ~400. From analysis of the relationship between class I methanol maser emission and associated astrophysical objects, it has been shown that the intensity of the class I methanol maser emission is closely correlated with the properties of the 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey （BGPS） dust continuum sources and outflow properties. This further supports the hypothesis that class I methanol masers are collisionally pumped and excited in shocked regions. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that the BGPS catalog is likely to provide more reliable samples for targeting further class I methanol maser searches. A new survey for class I methanol masers toward a larger size sample of BGPS sources to test this is currently underway. The prospects for detecting class I methanol megamasers in extragalactic sources is discussed, and observations constituting the first sensitive search have been proposed.     

基于机器视觉的薄带铸轧熔池液位识别方法

为解决薄带铸轧熔池液位难检测的问题,研发机器视觉识别熔池钢水液位的方法.利用线阵CCD下熔池钢水与铸轧辊灰度值有明显差别的图像特征,建立熔池液位的机器视觉检测系统.利用所选线阵相机采集图像速度快的特性,提出基于时间建立熔池液位图像原型的方法,建立了以滤波处理、二值化处理和边界识别为核心的熔池液位视觉识别模型.使用建立的系统和模型在实验室铸轧机和感应加热炉上进行了测试实验,结果表明:所建的熔池液位视觉检测系统和识别方法具备可行性,具有较高的检测精度和较快的检测速度,能够满足工业生产需要.     

高原公路驾驶员心率变异性试验分析

为了揭示驾驶员在高原公路行车时的心率变异性的变化情况,寻求提高行车安全性的途径,利用生物反馈仪在高原公路上进行了实地行车测试。以频域指标LF/HF作为高原公路驾驶员心率变异性指标,在分析驾驶时间、海拔高度与驾驶员心率变异性指标之间关系的基础上,建立了相关模型。分析结果表明：驾驶员在高原公路行车时,心率变异性受到高原低氧环境和驾驶时间的双重影响;海拔越高,驾驶时间越长,驾驶员交感神经张力越大,使驾驶员疲劳程度增大,安全隐患增大。     

混凝土剪力墙受剪承载力可靠度分析

针对我国规范未对剪力墙受剪承载力可靠指标进行校准,本文研究钢筋混凝土剪力墙受剪承载力的可靠度水平.根据剪力墙抗剪公式所依据的试验及试件情况,收集并筛选截面型式、混凝土类型、配筋型式、破坏形态等方面与其一致的74片剪力墙试验数据,对试件承载力的试验值与规范公式计算值进行分析,得出剪力墙受剪承载力计算模式不定性统计参数,进而得出抗力统计参数和概率分布类型;采用考虑基本变量概率分布类型的验算点法进行可靠指标计算.结果表明:现行规范剪力墙受剪承载力可靠指标低于目标可靠指标3.7的要求,其中荷载效应比、剪跨比、轴向压力、配筋率、混凝土强度等级对可靠指标影响较小,风荷载与永久荷载效应比对可靠指标影响较大,分布钢筋采用HPB300时的可靠指标在同等条件下较小.为保证剪力墙受剪承载力可靠指标满足目标可靠指标要求,引入承载力调整系数0.95对现行计算公式进行修正,修正后计算公式的可靠指标均值为3.738.     

孕育型土洞地陷判据研究

为评价地下孔洞发育过程中地表稳定性,将孔洞发育过程中地表变化过程离散化,依据突变理论建立地表塌陷分析判据;结合覆盖层土体失稳一致性、失稳同时性、塑形贯通判据及塑性区云图分析初步验证判据的有效性.利用上述方法量化地表失稳的判定过程,以此得到临界孔洞半径、地表塌陷范围,并讨论了覆盖层临界厚度与内摩擦角、黏聚力、弹性模量及泊松比之间的关系.研究结果表明,覆盖层厚度与内摩擦角及黏聚力均能拟合成相关性较好的线性关系,覆盖层厚度对泊松比和弹性模量并不敏感.基于突变理论的地表失稳判据可为发育孔洞上方地表稳定性探讨提供有益参考.     

基于改进小波阈值函数和变分模态分解的 电能质量扰动检测

针对强噪声环境下扰动特征提取困难的问题,提出一种基于改进小波阈值函数和变分模态分解的电能质量扰动检测算法.采用改进小波阈值函数滤除电能质量扰动信号的噪声,通过傅里叶变换确定预设尺度,再基于变分模态分解准确地求出电能质量扰动信号的各个本征模态函数,结合Hilbert变换和奇异值分解分别求解每个本征模态函数的振幅、频率、起止时间等特征量,并据此搭建PXI和LabVIEW结合的电能质量扰动检测平台.分别采用单一扰动、复合扰动和电网实际扰动数据验证本文算法的准确性与有效性,相比现有经验模态分解和集合经验模态分解,本文提出算法不仅具有抗模态混叠和虚假分量的能力,且在强噪声环境下仍具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性.