一种提高山区500 kV输电线路耐雷水平的新方法

为了提高山区500kV输电线路耐雷水平，提出了在易遭受绕击的边相安装单支线路悬挂式金属氧化物避雷器、在另外一个边相增加绝缘子片数的不平衡绝缘方法．通过理论分析和电磁暂态计算程序EMTDC的仿真，证明了这种方法可以有效地提高输电线路的耐雷水平，使得绝缘子的闪络概率降低了90％左右，同时增加的投资仅为安装3支避雷器的33％，具有较高的经济效益．     

一种手性Zn(Ⅲ)配位聚合物的水热合成及晶体结构

通过水热技术制备了1种新的手性配位聚合物[Zn(Tar)(bipy)·5H2O](聚合物1,Tar为L-酒石酸根,bipy为2,2'-联吡啶),其结构经X射线单晶衍射鉴定.在水热反应过程中,酒石酸衍生物缩酮保护基发生水解.该聚合物属正交晶系,P2(1)2(1)2(1)空间群,晶胞参数a=0.664 61(13)nm,b=1.431 3(3)nm,c=1.912 8(4)nm,α=β=r=90°,V=1.819 6(6)nm3,Z=4,μ=1.414 mm-1,dcalc=1.678 g/cm3,F(000)=952,R1=0.045 7,ωR2=0.093 0.结构分析表明,酒石酸根桥连Zn(Ⅱ)形成一维配位聚合物手性链;2条平行一维链上的吡啶环以面对面的方式相互嵌入(质心距离为0.358 nm)形成新颖的梯状双链结构,5个结晶水之间存在氢键作用,通过共用边5聚环形成一维水链,而水链上的2个O又与未配位的羧酸根O通过氢键作用相连接形成三维超分子结构.     

基于溶剂热反应快速沉积ZrO2-基激光光学薄膜

基于丙醇锆-乙酸-乙醇混合体系的溶剂热反应(423 K,10 h)合成了稳定的ZrO2-基溶胶,采用旋转镀膜技术在K9玻璃基片上制备了ZrO2-基光学薄膜。借助动态光散射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、原子力显微镜、紫外/可见/近红外透射光谱、FilmTMTek 3000型薄膜分析仪以及强激光辐照实验对溶胶与薄膜的微观结构及光学性能进行表征。研究发现,通过与溶剂乙醇的酯化反应和与丙醇锆的配合反应,乙酸具有温和地提供反应水和降低丙醇锆水解活性的双重作用。在各工艺参数适当配置的情况下,采用该方法可以快速合成颗粒流体力学直径为10 nm~15 nm的溶胶,由此沉积的薄膜具有平整的表面、较高的折射率1.633(测试波长为632 nm)和高的激光损伤阈值34.7 J/cm2(激光波长为1 064 nm,脉冲宽度为3 ns,"R/1"测试模式)。     

枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对罗氏沼虾养殖池塘水质的影响

采用枯草芽孢杆菌制剂,对养殖中后期的罗氏沼虾池塘进行了改善水质的试验。通过测定水体的溶解氧、pH、化学需氧量、氨氮和亚硝酸态氮等水质指标,来评价池塘的水质变化。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对于水体中溶解氧含量和pH值的影响不明显(P>0.05),但能显著降低水体的化学需氧量(P<0.05);使用枯草芽孢杆菌制剂后,氨氮的最大降解率为59.61%,亚硝酸态氮的最大降解率为86.70%,说明它有明显降低水体氨氮和亚硝酸态氮含量的作用(P<0.05)。     

基于二维Kalman滤波的森林资源结构预测的理论与方法

介绍了二维Kalman滤波的原理,并以浙江省丽水市森林资源连续清查样地的地理坐标建立二维坐标系,以样地森林面积和森林蓄积为状态向量,应用二维Kalman滤波研究森林资源结构动态.结果表明,对森林蓄积动态及样地个数较多、面积较大的用材林和防护林的面积动态预测效果良好,而对于样地个数较少、变异系数较大的样地如特用林和未成林造林地的面积动态预测误差较大,如要准确预测则需要加大这些样地的抽样个数.     

平面型混浊介质光反射四能流Kubelka-Munk模型

通过分析光在介质-空气和介质-表面粗糙基构成界面上和平面分层混浊介质中的反射、散射和吸收规律,提出了混浊介质中传输的光能流将由界面或混浊介质的定向反射和漫反射作用而产生的定向光能流和漫射光能流构成.考虑到这两种光流能量比率的动态转化规律,运用辐射传递理论和四能流光子流传输模式修正了经典二能流Kubelka-Munk模型,建立了四能流Kubelka-Munk模型.研究表明,由经典二能流Kubelka-Munk模型计算得出的色彩要比实际的色彩偏红.     

Component and simulation of the 4,000-year-old noodles excavated from the archaeological site of Lajia in Qinghai,China

Noodles are a global food, but the periods when and places where they were made and originated, as well as their ingredients and the cooking methods used to manu- facture them, have remained contentious. In the 2005 edi- tion of the journal Nature, we wrote a summary of the millet noodle specimens found in the Late Neolithic Qijia cultural stratum of the Lajia archaeological site in Qinghai Province, China. However, how the ancient people made millet noodles remains controversial. This paper provides a systematic analysis of the remains of noodles found within an earthenware bowl at the Lajia ＂noodle house＂ in terms of their plant composition including phytoliths, starch and biomarkers. It provides evidence of how people used millet 4,000 years ago and, most specifically, of the principal methods used for producing millet-based noodles. Further, we show how we used traditional hele tools to make hele millet noodles, with especial reference to the gelatinized hydrogel-forming method, to simulate morphology con- sistent with the composition and form of the unearthed millet noodles. The results of this study provide new evi- dence and new insights into the cultural characteristics of the prehistoric human diet.     

可压缩Navier-Stokes方程行波解的渐近稳定性

研究了一维黏性可压缩Navier-Stokes方程组,给出了在小扰动条件下冲击波解的渐近稳定性。考虑在小的初始扰动下黏性冲击波解的叠加,通过局部解的存在唯一性分析和先验估计,得到此时的黏性冲击波解是渐近稳定的。证明通过能量估计方法给出。     

Mitigation of greenhouse gases released from mining activities: A review

Climate changes that occur as a result of global warming caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases(GHGs)released into the atmosphere are an alarming issue.Controlling greenhouse gas emissions is critically important for the current and future status of mining activities.The mining industry is one of the significant contributors of greenhouse gases.In essence,anthropogenic greenhouse gases are emitted directly during the actual mining and indirectly released by the energy-intensive activities associated with mining equipment,ore transport,and the processing industry.Therefore,we reviewed both direct and indirect GHG emissions to analyze how mining contributes to climate change.In addition,we showed how climate change impacts mineral production.This assessment was performed using a GHG inventory model for the gases released from mines undergoing different product life cycles.We also elucidate the key issues and various research outcomes to demonstrate how the mining industry and policymakers can mitigate GHG emission from the mining sector.The review concludes with an overview of GHG release reduction and mitigation strategies.     

笔记本电脑散热模块及系统气动噪声的实验研究

针对笔记本电脑噪声源、噪声特性和影响噪声的主要因素进行了实验研究.结果表明:笔记本电脑机壳对噪声的屏蔽或吸收作用使噪声降低的趋势并没有出现,反而导致笔记本电脑正面操作人员所在位置的噪声增大;进气口的封闭也并不一定使该处的气动噪声值降低;噪声指向性研究发现,噪声值最高处并不在风扇出风口上方,而在出风口的对侧.