透过“新潮”管理法看系统管理学

比较了管理科学尤其是系统管理学这一学科,与所谓“新潮”管理法（主要提到权威法、全面质量管理、企业再造和学习性组织等四种）在调查研究方面的不同之处。通过比较证明,系统管理学凭著其细致扎实的工作基础,比起“新潮”管理法来,对管理界人士要有用得多。最后着重讨论了系统和后现代主义之间的关系——后者往往对系统性的或程序性的做法持悲观的态度     

Excitatory effect of histamine on neuronal activity of rat cerebellar fastigial nucleus in vitro

The cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) holds an important role in motor control and body balance. Previous studies have revealed that the nucleus is innervated by direct hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers. However, the functional role of histaminergic projection in cerebellar FN has never been established. In this study, we investigated the effect of histamine on neuronal firing of cerebellar FN by using slice preparations. Sixty-five FN cells were recorded from 47 cerebellar slices, and a vast majority of the cells responded to histamine stimulation with an excitatory response (58/65, 89.2%). Perfusing slices with low-Ca2 /high-Mg2 medium did not block the histamine-induced excitation (n=10), supporting a direct postsynaptic action of histamine on the cells. Furthermore, the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons was not blocked by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine (n=15) or chlorpheniramine (n=10), but was effectively suppressed by ranitidine (n=15), a highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, highly selective histamine H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (n=20) instead of histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (n=16) mimicked the ex- citatory effect of histamine on FN neurons. The dimaprit-induced FN neuronal excitation was effectively antagonized by selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine (n=13) but not influenced by se- lective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine (n=15). These results demonstrate that histamine excites cerebellar FN cells via the histamine H2 receptor mechanism and suggest that the hypotha- lamocerebellar histaminergic fibers may modulate cerebellar FN-mediated sensorimotor integration through their excitatory innervations on FN neurons.     

南方鲇对水体Cd暴露的急性中毒效应

【目的】考查南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)对 Cd胁迫的毒 理 反 应。【方 法】以 人 工 繁 育 获 得 的 体 质 量 为(20.80±0.51)g的南方鲇当年幼鱼为研究对象,在水体硬度为25mg·L-1(以 Ca CO3质量浓度计)、水温为(27.5±0.5)℃、水体Cd2+质量浓度分别为0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0mg·L-1条件下进行了96h急性暴露实验,测定了该物种96h半致死浓度(LC50)、肝线粒体状态3呼吸率、细胞色素 C氧化酶(CCO)活性以及脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)活性。【结果】水体中Cd2+对南方鲇的96h LC50为5.46mg·L-1;在水体中质量浓度分别为0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0 mg·L-1的Cd2+暴露处理下,实验鱼的肝脏线粒体状态3呼吸率随着水体 Cd2+的质量浓度增加而降低,分别为(42.20±2.50),(34.97±1.61),(32.29±1.40),(31.63±1.82),(28.69±1.69)nmol·min-1·mg-1,且不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组的测得值均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05);肝脏线粒体的呼吸控制率(RCR)随着水体 Cd2+的质量浓度升高而呈降低趋势,且不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组肝脏线粒体的RCR均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05);实验鱼肝线粒体 CCO 的活性随着水体 Cd2+暴露质量浓度的增加而降低,且质量浓度为7.0mg·L-1的Cd2+暴露处理组的这一指标值比对照组的更低,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05);不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组实验鱼脑组织ACh E活性均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。【结论】南方鲇对水体 Cd2+暴露的耐受能力相对较强;受到 Cd2+暴露的实验鱼肝脏线粒体状态3呼吸率、CCO 活性和 RCR 降低结果提示:在 Cd2+急性胁迫下线粒体功能受到损伤,呼吸代谢能力减弱;急性水体 Cd2+暴露抑制了实验鱼的脑组织ACh E活性,使鱼体神经系统功能损伤,导致鱼体行为异常。
     

拓扑向量空间中向量极值问题的广义鞍点及对偶定理

【目的】研究拓扑向量空间中向量极值问题的广义鞍点最优性条件及 Lagrange对偶问题。【方法】引入拓扑向量空间中广义次似凸映射和择一定理,并以广义鞍点理论为分析基础。【结果】在刻画广义鞍点性质的基础上构建了拓扑空间中广义鞍点与向量极值问题弱Pareto最优解之间的关系及其对偶定理。【结论】理论分析结果表明向量极值问题的广义鞍点是弱Pareto最优解的必要不充分条件,给出了目标函数在其约束映射满足广义 Slater约束规格条件下的 Lagrange强、弱对偶定理。
     

火星之后 去木星地盘上找生命

自2012年8月6日耗资25亿美元(约合154亿元人民币)的美国"好奇"号探测器成功降落火星之后,科学家对这颗红色星球是否适宜生命存活展开了新一轮的探索。不过在太阳系中,火星并非寻找地外生命的唯一希望。综合考虑生命生存所需的基本元素、热量、液态水以及相对稳定的环境等条件,更遥远的木星轨道上还有其他有力候选者。1610年,天文学先驱伽利略用自制望远镜发现了木星的4颗卫星,这也是人类首次得知除地球外的其他行星     

微量硼对形变TiAl

以形变     

带有 Markov 链利率的相依风险模型破产概率的界

【目的】研究具有齐次马氏链利率过程的离散时间相依风险模型。【方法】针对保费在期初收取和索赔在期末收取的情况,利用鞅方法和更新迭代的方法对破产概率模型进行研究,其中利率的马尔可夫性体现了未来利率与历史利率的独立性,保费过程和索赔过程都具有高阶自回归结构,考虑两者各自的相依性可使模型更具有普遍性。【结果】得到了所研究风险模型破产概率的上界。【结论】研究结果为解决实际生活中的保险问题提供了一定的理论依据。关键词: Markov 链;高阶自回归结构;离散时间风险模型;破产概率;鞅方法
     

User Driven Innovation in the Building Process

During the late years there has been an ever-increasing focus on the possibilities to change the building process to raise quality on the final building products as well as the activities of actors involved in the building process. One reason for this interest is the new opportunities evolving due to introduction of advanced information and communication technology (ICT). The paper focuses on creative changes of the building process powered by user driven innovation activities. An overview of existing user driven innovation methodologies is given as well experiences from the ongoing Virtual Innovation in Construction (VIC) project. One important driving force for change is the opportunity for users to develop and articulate real needs concerning for example different functionalities of a building and its parts, but also on artifacts supporting the actual needs capture and requirements formulation during building design. A general methodological framework and meta ontology for Virtual Innovation in Construction is presented as well as findings from implementation of the method.