恐龙刺客

地铁车厢里很闷热.我的霸王龙身躯比其他每个人都来得大,这成了个问题.拥有一种与众不同的体色也有益处,因为大多数人都缩起身子避开我.这就是我成为一头缩小版霸王龙的原因.它帮助我免受大家的注意,因为乘客们纷纷移开了视线.     

A molecular cryptography model based on structures of DNA self-assembly

With the progress of DNA computing, DNA- based cryptography becomes an emerging interdisciplinary research field. In this paper, we present a novel DNA cryptography that takes advantage of DNA self assembled structure. Making use of the toehold strands recognition and strand displacement, the bit-wise exclusive-or （XOR） operation is carried out to fulfill the information encryption and decryption in the form of a one-time-pad. The security of this system mainly comes from the physical isolation and specificity of DNA molecules. The system is con- structed by using complex DNA self-assembly, in which technique of fluorescent detection is utilized to implement the signal processing. In the proposed DNA cryptography, the XOR operation at each bit is carried out individually, thus the encryption and decryption process could be con- ducted in a massive, parallel way. This work may dem- onstrate that DNA cryptography has the great potential applications in the field of inRwmation security.     

Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site,northwestern China

A large number of stone knives have been recovered from Neolithic archaeological sites in East Asia. However, direct evidence regarding the functions of the stone knives has been scarce, and hence, their functions have remained controversial. In this study, we recovered and analysed ancient starch grains and phytoliths from residues adhering to stone knives excavated from the Lajia site, Qinghai Province, northwest China, thus providing direct evidence for the functions of the knives. Our anal- yses were based on the following： （1） an assemblage of 278 identifiable starch grains, representing grains from the stems of foxtail millet （Setaria italica） and broomcorn millet （Panicum miliaceum） （65.1% of the total） and the stems of Hordeum and Triticum species （3.6 % of the total）, and （2） an assemblage of 361 identifiable phytoliths, the majority of which were from the stems and leaves of plants such as Panicoideae and related taxa （96 % of the total）. Our study demonstrates that one of the functions of the stone knives was the harvesting crops. In addition, a few starch grains from food legumes and roots （3.4 % of the total） indicate that the stone knives were also likely used to process, peel and cut some foods.     

Influences of synthesis methods and modifier addition on the properties of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams

A method of synthesizing Ni-based catalysts supported on α-Al₂O₃-based foams was developed. The foams were impregnated with aqueous solutions of metal chlorides under an air atmosphere using an aerosol route. Separate procedures involved calcination to form oxides and drying to obtain chlorides on the foam surface. The synthesized samples were subsequently reduced with hydrogen. With respect to the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, the chloride reduction route enabled the formation of a Ni coating without agglomerates or cracks. Further research included catalyst modification by the addition of Pd, Cu, and Fe. The influences of the additives on the degree of reduction and on the low-temperature reduction effectiveness (533 and 633 K) were examined and compared for the catalysts obtained from oxides and chlorides. Greater degrees of reduction were achieved with chlorides, whereas Pd was the most effective modifier among those investigated. The reduction process was nearly complete at 533 K in the sample that contained 0.1wt% Pd. A lower reduction temperature was utilized, and the calcination step was avoided, which may enhance the economical and technological aspects of the developed catalyst production method.     

Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ‘Express’ method

An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ‘Express’ method, was described to determine the residual gas capacity of deep mines using results from an air and gas balance. Air and gas balances are common elements of mine management and must be performed periodically. Using the process described here to obtain balance results, it is straightforward to obtain the residual gas capacity, which is an important parameter for decision-making in current mine operations. After a mine is closed, the residual gas capacity becomes a dominant factor used to select methods to protect against gas emissions from the closed underground area or perhaps to provide information for the use of gas reserves. The proposed ‘Express’ method is a much simpler method to obtain the residual gas capacity than other procedures used for this purpose to date.     

基于正交试验六韧带手性结构展收几何参数优化

针对目前手性结构采用的传统材料并不具备大变形后自恢复的能力,提出一种在面内具备展收特性的金属材料用于六韧带手性结构.利用有限元分析了节环间距、节环直径、节环高度以及韧带厚度等4个因素对六韧带手性结构收拢和展开后的最大应力的影响.以展开后的最大应力为指标,通过正交试验,分析得到了各个因素的影响程度由主到次依次为节环间距、韧带厚度、节环高度和节环直径,并通过极差分析和方差分析选出了一组最优参数,即节环间距70 mm、韧带厚度0.06 mm、节环高度8 mm、节环直径22 mm,并且通过试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性及本手性结构具备大变形后自恢复的能力.     

考虑实际流场的热冲压模具模温分析方法

针对复杂成形件的热冲压模具提出一种考虑流场分布差异影响的模温分析方法.通过Fluent流场分析计算出冷却水道管壁各节点处的对流传热系数,计算过程中考虑了水道结构所导致的流场分布差异对传热能力的影响;利用LS-DYNA完成板料成形及保压淬火过程的仿真模拟,获取板料上的温度数据;以A柱边梁为研究对象将仿真分析结果同热冲压生产线上的实际冷却效果进行对比.结果表明,考虑流场影响的模温分析结果中高温区域的分布和实测一致,12个温度监测点处最大温度误差为3.6℃,平均温度误差为0.96℃,而采用平均传热系数的仿真中温度分布及最大温差点发生改变,监测点最大温度误差为9.1℃,平均温度误差为4.96℃.仿真与试验对比表明:流速的改变对传热系数的影响显著,基于流场分析的模温分析方法考虑了热冲压模具冷却水道中流速差异性分布的影响,能够用于复杂零件及多腔模具的模温分析.     

基于能量法的基桩变形P-Δ效应模拟分析

复杂荷载下基桩受力分析是桩基设计计算重要内容之一.引入能量原理,针对基桩荷载倾斜与偏心的特殊情况,并考虑土体的成层特性,建立了三维基桩-土体系统能量控制微分方程.在此基础上,结合不同边界条件及桩土位移条件,基于有限差分方式得出了倾斜偏心荷载下基桩位移的半解析解答,该解答可充分考虑轴向与横向荷载共同作用对基桩变形的P-Δ放大效应.而后,开展了倾斜偏心荷载下单桩的室内模型加载验证试验.对比结果表明,本文理论解答与试验测试结果吻合较好,较好地模拟了组合荷载下基桩变形P-Δ放大效应.最后,对影响基桩P-Δ放大效应的主要因素进行了分析,结果表明,轴、横向荷载相对大小、桩顶自由段长度、桩身刚度及浅层地基土刚度等都对P-Δ放大效应有较大影响.     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁受剪承载力试验研究

为研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁在单调荷载作用下的受剪性能,考虑纤维掺量、剪跨比、配箍率和混凝土强度等级的影响,制作9根聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁,对其进行受剪性能试验.根据试验得到的破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线和受剪承载力实测值,分析不同参数对试件的破坏形态、受剪承载能力、刚度和剪切延性的影响.研究结果表明:混凝土裂缝间的纤维可延缓裂缝发展、减小斜裂缝倾斜角度、提高构件受剪性能,且聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁较普通混凝土梁具有更好的承载能力、刚度和剪切延性.基于修正压力场理论,考虑了纤维混凝土抗拉强度对受剪承载力的贡献,建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁受剪承载力计算公式,并通过国内外26组聚丙烯纤维混凝土梁受剪承载力试验数据对其进行验证,理论计算值与试验值之比的平均值为1.049,标准差为0.107,变异系数为0.102,二者吻合较好.