Progress in phototaxis mechanism research and micromanipulatlon techniques of algae cells

Pholotaclic movement is a characteristic of some microorganisms' response to light environment. Most of the algae have dramatically phototactic responses, underlying the complicated biological, physical and photochemical mechanisms are involved. With the development of the micro/nano and sensor techniques, great progress has been made in the research of the algae phototaxis. This review article summarizes the progress made in the research on the functional phototactic structures, the mechanisms of photo-response process and photodynamics of phototaxis in algae, and describes the latest developed micro-tracking technique and micromanipulation technique. Moreover, based on our own research results, the potential correlation between the phototaxis and photosynthesis is discussed, and the directions for future research of the phototactic mechanism are proposed.     

稀疏规则网格中带反馈机制的SIS模型

基于群体稀疏分布的二维规则网格,提出了一个考虑群体自身的反馈机制、群体密度和群体流动的SIS模型。研究表明:反馈机制对系统的稳态感染比例有较大影响,但对传播阈值没有影响;在传播效率固定的前提下,群体密度越大,系统的稳态感染比例也越大,而且群体密度存在一个阈值,只有当群体密度大于该阈值时,疾病才能在群体中持续稳定地传播。另外,在群体密度不太大时,群体流动时的稳态感染比例要高于群体静止时的稳态感染比例,这说明群体流动更有利于疾病的传播。     

Clogging behavior of submerged entry nozzles for Ti-bearing IF steel

The nozzle clogging behavior of Ti-bearing IF steel was studied by metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the experimental results, nozzle clogging primarily appears three layers. There are a lot of large-sized iron particles in the inner layer and mainly slag phase in the middle and outer layers. The principal clog constituents of the inner layer are loose alumina cluster inclusions and granular shaped alumina inclusions, containing iron particles. The clog constituents of the middle layer are mainly dendrite alumina inclusions. The primary phases existing in nozzle clogging are FeO·TiO₂ and FeO·Al₂O₃ besides α-Al₂O₃ and α-Fe. The FeO·TiO₂ phases among the deposits adhere the deposits together firmly enough to lead to the inferior castability of Ti-bearing ultra low carbon steel compared with that of Ti-free low carbon Al-killed steel.     

Optimal design of broadband loaded wire antennas based on genetic algorithm

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离子色谱用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器

报道一种离子色谱用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器（MPT－AED）．以氩气、氦气为载气和工作气体，利用超声雾化样品引入技术，研究了该检测器对非金属元素的分析性能．并用其于无机试剂中磷酸根离子和硫酸根离子的测定．     

闽西南广平推覆构造变形样式与年代学约束及动力学意义

为探求闽西南广平推覆构造的变形特征和形成时代,对闽西南广平推覆构造原地及外来岩系进行构造解析,对卷入推覆构造带的花岗斑岩脉采用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年方法进行测试。研究结果表明:广平推覆体中外来岩系和原地岩系表现为不同类型的褶皱及断裂等构造变形特征,其中外来岩系总体上为叠瓦式、背形堆垛式等双重逆冲推覆构造样式,而原地岩系则主要为大型倒转向斜,表现为闽西南推覆构造前锋带强烈构造变形特征;卷入推覆构造带的花岗斑岩年龄为(142±1)Ma。结合区域资料得出结论:广平推覆构造主构造开始于早侏罗世末期(183~190.4 Ma),结束于(142±1)Ma。广平推覆构造强烈构造变形样式及年代学特征表明:中国东南部中生代广泛发育的推覆构造可能和晚侏罗世—早白垩世伊佐奈崎板块与欧亚板块的强烈作用密切相关。     

二氧化碳酸化和盐酸酸化对几种桡足类的急性毒性比较

利用实验生态学的方法研究了由二氧化碳和盐酸引起的海水酸化对几种桡足类的急性毒性,计算了24和48 hLC50(以pH值表示).结果表明:二氧化碳酸化条件下,几种桡足类的24和48 hLC50分别为pH 5.85~6.49和pH 5.93~6.69;盐酸酸化条件下,24和48 hLC50分别为pH 5.02~5.69和pH 5.25~6.12.裂区设计方差分析表明,二氧化碳酸化对桡足类的毒性显著高于盐酸酸化的毒性.此外,各种桡足类对海水酸化的耐受性具有高度的种类特异性:营底栖生活的日本虎斑猛水蚤的耐受性明显高于其他浮游性种类;在营浮游性生活的种类中,植食性种类(中华哲水蚤)对酸化的耐受性要高于杂食性和肉食性种类.本研究结果为进一步研究海水酸化对桡足类生理生化影响提供参考依据.     

Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving

Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods. We and others identified an analogous phenomenon in rats that was termed 'incubation of cocaine craving': time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine-seeking over the first months after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine. Cocaine-seeking requires the activation of glutamate projections that excite receptors for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus accumbens. Here we show that the number of synaptic AMPA receptors in the accumbens is increased after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration by the addition of new AMPA receptors lacking glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Furthermore, we show that these new receptors mediate the incubation of cocaine craving. Our results indicate that GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors could be a new target for drug development for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We propose that after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine, increased numbers of synaptic AMPA receptors combined with the higher conductance of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors causes increased reactivity of accumbens neurons to cocaine-related cues, leading to an intensification of drug craving and relapse.     

基于连续型回复电压极化谱的油纸绝缘老化研究

针对传统的实际测量获取的回复电压极化谱不能准确反映各个充电时间下的回复电压情况并且中心时间常数难以准确判定的问题，提出一种连续型回复电压极化谱的绘制方法。首先对回复电压曲线、绝缘系统等效电路参数之间的关系进行理论分析；然后搭建连续型回复电压极化谱模型，提取更加准确的中心时间常数，并结合中心时间常数与变压器微水含量之间的内在联系判定变压器微水含量；最后对6台不同老化状态下的变压器进行连续型回复电压极化谱分析。研究结果表明：连续型回复电压极化谱能够更加准确判定中心时间常数，从而有效提高变压器微水含量的判定精度，为准确地反映变压器油纸绝缘老化状态提供新的方法。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的桥梁有限元逆向建模方法研究

针对桥梁图纸缺乏或缺失，桥梁抗震分析中存在大量结构建模工作而其效率低下等问题，提出了一种基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的桥梁有限元逆向建模技术. 首先参数化桥梁有限元建模过程，再引入基于运动恢复结构和多视图立体匹配算法的倾斜摄影技术，结合无人机多视角序列影像构建目标桥梁三维实景模型，引入非均匀有理B样条算法提取桥梁复杂结构曲面，获取桥梁几何数据. 通过大数据信息和桥梁设计规范、设计标准图集、现场实测等调查方法获取无人机无法观测得到的桥梁内部结构参数，实现通过视觉外观、大数据信息和专家先验信息重建桥梁有限元模型. 对长沙市巴溪洲大桥建立三维实景模型，验证模型误差低于2%；利用大数据信息和专家先验信息获取桥梁内部参数，基于实景模型重建目标桥梁有限元模型，验证有限元模型模态频率误差低于2%，静载挠度校验系数为0.57~0.79. 研究结果表明：利用无人机倾斜摄影技术逆向建立的桥梁有限元模型可靠且精度较高，在桥梁健康监测和区域抗震分析领域具有较高的科学研究和工程实用价值.