Applying a dual optimization method to quantify carbon fluxes: recent progress in carbon flux inversion

The widely performed Bayesian synthesis inversion method （BSIM） utilizes prior carbon flux and atmospheric carbon dioxide observations to optimize the unknown flux. The prior flux is usually computed from ecological models with large biases. The BSIM is useful in solving the problem of insufficient data, but it will increase the inaccuracies in the estimates caused by the biased prior flux. In this study, we propose a dual optimization method （DOM） to introduce a set of scaling factors as new state variables to correct for the prior flux according to information on plant functional types. The DOM estimates the scaling factors and carbon flux simultaneously by minimizing the cost function. The statistical properties of the DOM, which compare favorably with the BSIM, are provided in this article. We tested the DOM through simulation experiments which represent a true ecosystem. The results, according to the root mean squared error, show that the DOM has a higher accuracy than the BSIM in flux estimates.     

二氧化碳酸化和盐酸酸化对几种桡足类的急性毒性比较

利用实验生态学的方法研究了由二氧化碳和盐酸引起的海水酸化对几种桡足类的急性毒性,计算了24和48 hLC50(以pH值表示).结果表明:二氧化碳酸化条件下,几种桡足类的24和48 hLC50分别为pH 5.85~6.49和pH 5.93~6.69;盐酸酸化条件下,24和48 hLC50分别为pH 5.02~5.69和pH 5.25~6.12.裂区设计方差分析表明,二氧化碳酸化对桡足类的毒性显著高于盐酸酸化的毒性.此外,各种桡足类对海水酸化的耐受性具有高度的种类特异性:营底栖生活的日本虎斑猛水蚤的耐受性明显高于其他浮游性种类;在营浮游性生活的种类中,植食性种类(中华哲水蚤)对酸化的耐受性要高于杂食性和肉食性种类.本研究结果为进一步研究海水酸化对桡足类生理生化影响提供参考依据.     

Research of Communication Mechanism of the Multi—agent in Multi—agent Robot Systems

The cooperation of multi-robot that is based on the multi-agent system (MAS) theory of distributed artificial intelligence has become a hotspot in the robotics R&D. In the research the multi-robot is regarded as multi-agent. So the communication and cooperation of multi-agent become the key problem for gaining the dynamic running information of cooperating robots. In this paper the authors introduce the communication modes for agent and provide a common strategy which aims at the communication resources of multi-agent model-the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol which is based on the transmittal medium. It supports the cable-communication of multi-robot and the experiments prove its validity.     

EFFECT OF THICKENERS ON PAPER COATING VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR

The viscoelasticity refers to rheological behavior that paper coatings have viscosity and elasticity at the same time. The viscoelasticity origins from particle-particle interactions between different ingredients, flocculation of pigment particles and association of latex particles and water-soluble polymers. This kind of viscoelasticity relates to the ingredients of the paper coating, solids content, type of coating process and coating speed. In the low speed coating and low solids content, i…     

Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving

Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods. We and others identified an analogous phenomenon in rats that was termed 'incubation of cocaine craving': time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine-seeking over the first months after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine. Cocaine-seeking requires the activation of glutamate projections that excite receptors for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus accumbens. Here we show that the number of synaptic AMPA receptors in the accumbens is increased after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration by the addition of new AMPA receptors lacking glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Furthermore, we show that these new receptors mediate the incubation of cocaine craving. Our results indicate that GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors could be a new target for drug development for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We propose that after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine, increased numbers of synaptic AMPA receptors combined with the higher conductance of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors causes increased reactivity of accumbens neurons to cocaine-related cues, leading to an intensification of drug craving and relapse.     

浅析油罐拆迁施工现场火灾危险性及防火对策

本文结合烟台市油罐区拆迁实际,通过介绍油罐拆迁的工艺流程,分析油罐拆迁施工现场火灾危险性,提出油罐拆除现场风险控制措施。     

红外气体分析仪在高炉喷煤系统的应用

叙述了PA-GXH+O2型红外气体分析仪的工作原理和结构,在韶钢7号高炉喷煤系统的应用情况,并对应用中出现的一些疑难故障进行了分析且提出了解决方法。     

胶原蛋白在LB膜上的吸附行为研究

基底的性质和制备方法对吸附胶原层的超分子自组装过程有很大的影响,将一种Gemini表面活性剂C18H37(CH3)2N+-(CH2)12-N+(CH3)2C18H37·2Br-(简写为18-12-18)利用LB技术在零压下转移到云母片上制成基底,浸入到pH值为3.0的胶原溶液中37℃恒温吸附不同的时间,样品用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征。结果表明:在恒温过程中,LB膜上的表面活性剂分子会发生移动和翻转,胶原分子优先吸附在LB膜上形成单层网状结构,随吸附时间的延长,胶原分子也会在云母上发生吸附,最后两者会交织成无序的胶原纤维。     

300MW锅炉再热器增容改造介绍

张家口发电厂1-8号锅炉再热器存在受热面管材质等级较低、长期运行向火面及下弯头蠕胀严重、汽机通流改造及锅炉低氮燃烧器改造后造成锅炉再热出口蒸汽温度低,使得再热器出口温度在低负荷时段难以达到额定温度等诸多问题,经过多方研究、计算、论证,决定对再热器进行材质升级及增容改造,为同类型机组的治理改造提供可借鉴经验。     

借助特有树建立电路的状态方程

分析和讨论了如何借助特有树建立电路的状态方程。将该方法应用于动态电路的分析中，易于实现计算机对复杂电路的辅助分析。