生物质利用优化生产规模分析

为指导生物质资源利用,基于生物质资源岛式分布特点及生产力指数法,建立了生物质收集与加工利用过程的成本模型,提出了以单位原料的总成本最低为目标函数的生产规模优化方法.以气化技术为例,考察了秸秆类生物质在不同分布情况下的优化经济规模,并分析相关因素影响.结果表明:气化技术的优化经济规模为6～9万t/a;优化规模及总成本随固定投资增加而增加;运输费率增加导致优化规模下降,总成本上升.     

吸水剖面资料在低渗透油藏开发中的应用

在低渗透性油藏的注水开发过程中,由于存在层间、层内、平面的三大矛盾,以及裂缝的存在,注入水主要沿着渗透性较好的方向单向突进,而相对低渗透层则吸水量较少或不吸水,对应油井变化是含水上升快和难以见到注水效果两极差异。利用吸水剖面测试技术,结合油水井动、静态资料可以从纵向上和横向上了解油层的吸水状况、水驱方向和注水波及特征。结合相关资料能对油水井作出及时的调整措施,达到提高注水效率和区块稳产的目的。     

基于ABAQUS的拖锚载荷对海底管线的影响研究

锚击是造成海底管线第三方损伤的重要因素.本文将拖锚对海底管线的损伤分为撞击、拖曳两个方面,并利用ABAQUS软件对上述两种作用方式进行数值模拟.撞击分析中,利用数值模型分析了管壁厚度、管线长度对最终凹痕深度的影响,并与其他撞击形式、规范计算值进行了对比.拖曳分析中,重点探讨了海床土壤性质的影响.结果表明,拖锚对海底管线的撞击作用影响相对较小,平铺于砂质海床上的管线最大拖曳力计算值更大.应用ABAQUS的有限元模型研究海底管线的抗锚害问题切实可行,对于管线设计、提高管线安全性有一定指导意义.     

基于磁化原位离子液体分散液液微萃取测定天然椰子水中菊酯农药的含量

本研究建立了新型的超声辅助-Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子磁化-原位离子液体分散液液微萃取(UA-MISDLLME)法并结合高效液相色谱测定了天然椰子水中三种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留量.研究显示:萃取效率的影响因素包括离子液体的种类、离子液体的体积、离子交换剂的体积、Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的用量、洗脱剂的种类以及超声时间等;三种拟除虫菊酯农药在0. 5～50 mg L~(-1)范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数为0. 999 4～0. 999 9,加标回收率为84. 8%～100. 6%,检测限为0. 034～0. 053 mg·L~(-1).结果表明,本方法适合于天然椰子水中三种菊酯农药残留量的检测,该方法中的超声辅助以及磁化原位交换反应简化和加快了样品前处理过程,并且绿色溶剂-离子液体种类的选择范围被进一步拓宽.     

Response of air gap and slamming loadings on semi-submersible platform

The present research deals with the numerical prediction of the air gap within the 6th generation of deep- water drilling floating semi-submersible platform and the experimental studies on the slamming loadings onto the structure. The survivability of the floating model with a mooring system was tested under extreme wave of 10-year return period. In the numerical simulation of the Gaussian method, the narrow band model was applied to obtain the first-order wave surface equation and the modified second-order wave surface equation. The hydrodynamic re- sponses of the floating body, i.e. radiation damping, added mass, second-order wave excitation force and drifting force, were computed by using the potential flow theory based on higher order boundary element method in fre- quent domain. In the experimental analysis, high-frequency sensors were installed at the lower deck to measure the wave slamming loads. Equivalent truncated mooring system was applied to make sure position of the floating body in the wave tank. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results showed the numerical model un- derestimated the air gap of the floating body. Nevertheless, the predictions of the high risk spots underneath the floating deck that is prone to wave slamming obtained from both models were agreeable to each other. The experi- mental results also revealed that the wave slamming events often occurred at the connection point between the rear columns and the lower deck.     

青天葵石油醚部位的化学成分

本实验采用多种色谱手段及重结晶方法对青天葵石油醚部位的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据波谱分析和理化常数等方法对化合物进行结构鉴定.共得到了10个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(1)、豆甾醇(2)、6,9,10-三羟基-7E-烯十八烷酸(3)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(4)、豆甾-22-烯-3β,6β,9β-三醇(5)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(6)、3β-羟基豆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(7)、3β-羟基豆甾-5-烯-7-酮(8)、橙黄胡椒酰胺乙酸酯(9)、橙黄胡椒酰胺苯甲酸酯(10).其中化合物3、5～8、10为首次从青天葵植物中分离得到.     

一种面向多核处理器的2 GHz片上网络通信单元

提出了一种面向多核微处理器的2 GHz片上网络通信单元设计方案,通信单元能够在45 nm工艺下达到2 GHz的工作频率,流水线级数为2,最多支持8个双向通信接口,每个端口单向峰值带宽32 GBps.构建了一种16核处理器片上网络测试环境,测试结果表明：使用提出的通信单元构建的片上网络能够满足16核处理器存储系统对网络带宽的要求,在对访存优化的情况下,聚合带宽能够随着处理器核心与线程的增加而线性增加.另外,通信单元还具有可重用的特性,能够通过优化与扩展进一步应用于众核处理器片上网络.研究成果已成功应用于某国产16核高性能微处理器,片上网络实测频率达到2 GHz.     

Characteristics of carbon storage in Shanghai’s urban forest

Urban forest has undergone rapid development in China over the last three decades because of the acceleration of urbanization.Urban forest thus plays an increasingly important role in carbon sequestration at a regional and national scale.As one of the most urbanized cities in China,Shanghai showed an increase of forest coverage from 3% in the 1990s to 13% in 2009.Based on CITY-green model and the second soil survey of Shanghai,the forest biomass carbon(FBC) was estimated to be 0.48 Tg in the urban area and,forest soil organic carbon(SOC)(0-100 cm soil depth) is 2.48 Tg in the urban and suburban areas,respectively.These values are relatively within the median and lower level compared with other Chinese megacities,with the FBC of 0.02 Tg in Harbin to 47.29 Tg in Chongqing and the forest SOC of 1.74 Tg in Nanjing to 418.67 Tg in Chongqing.For the different land-use types in Shanghai,the SOC density ranges from 13.8(tidal field) to 38.6 t ha-1(agricultural land).On average,the forest SOC density(31.5 t ha-1) in Shanghai is lower than that in agricultural lands(38.6 t ha-1) and higher than that in lawns(26.5 t ha-1) and gardens(21.3 t ha-1).In Shanghai,the SOC density in newly established urban parks is generally lower than that in older parks.In the northern and southeastern suburban areas(e.g.,Baoshan,Yangpu,and Nanhui districts),greenspace SOC density is higher than that in the central commercial areas(Hongkou,Putuo,Changning,and Zhabei districts) and in newly developed district(Pudong District).Uncertainties still exist in the estimation of urban forest carbon in Shanghai,as well as in other Chinese cities.Thus,future research directions are also discussed in this paper.     

谈高职《内科护理学》教学中案例教学法的应用

案例教学法是一种知识、能力并重的教学方法。《内科护理学》是五年制高职护生一门重要的专业课。在五年制高职《内科护理学》教学中运用案例教学法能收到较好的教学效果,当然也存在不足,要取得最佳教学效果,要采用多种教学方法。     

复杂射击规范下枪管温度场数值分析与试验研究

针对复杂射击规范下射击过程中的瞬态热冲击引发的枪管寿命问题,建立了枪管1维瞬态传热的数学模型.基于能量平衡法和交替隐式差分格式（ADI）,推导了内节点及边界点的有限差分方程,并以某5.8 mm步枪枪管为对象,在经典内弹道数值计算结果的基础上,编程求解了连续射击150发弹过程中枪管的温度场分布.最后,采用红外热像仪对枪管外壁温度进行了测试,数值仿真结果与实验结果吻合度较高,验证了所建模型及采用的算法在复杂射击规范下的有效性.