Validation of AMSU-A measurements from two different calibrations in the lower stratosphere using COSMIC radio occultation data

GPS radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate(COSMIC) mission were used to validate the measurements of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A(AMSU-A) in the lower stratosphere from different satellites. AMSU-A observations from two different calibrations—the pre-launch operational and post-launch simultaneous nadir overpass(SNO) calibrations—were compared to microwave brightness temperatures(Tb)simulated from COSMIC data. Observations from three satellites(NOAA-15,-16, and-18) were used in the comparison. The results showed that AMSU-A Tb measurements from both calibrations and from all three NOAA satellites were underestimated in the lower stratosphere,and that the biases were larger in polar winters, especially over the southern high latitudes. In comparison to operational calibration, the SNO-calibrated AMSU-A data produced much smaller biases relative to the COSMIC data.The improvement due to SNO calibration was quantified by a Ratio index, which measured the bias changes from operational to SNO calibrations relative to the biases between the operational-calibrated AMSU-A data and the COSMIC data. The Ratio values were 70 % for NOAA-15and [80 % for NOAA-18 and-16, indicating that the SNO calibration method significantly reduced AMSU-A biases and effectively improved AMSU-A data quality.     

库贾的抉择——小兴安岭东北虎种群的恢复及展望

我国的小兴安岭自古以来就是东北虎的出没之地,但是近40年来一直没有东北虎的踪迹.值得欣慰的是,自2014年以来,随着东北地区林地的恢复和森林植被范围的扩大,逐渐有一些东北虎个体从俄罗斯来到我国境内.它们来寻找什么?能不能长久地留在我们的森林中呢?     

燃 烧的星球

正火光——野外的和化石燃料的火光——照亮了地球。是时候宣布人类已经创造了一个火新世(Pyrocene)了吗?从北极到亚马逊,从加利福尼亚到大卡纳利群岛,从婆罗洲到印度,从安哥拉到澳大利亚——大火似乎无处不在。大火产生的烟雾在次大陆遮天蔽日;火光在夜晚像银河系的星星一样照亮了各个大陆。人们可能会问:还有哪里没烧起来?在一些看不到火焰的地方,是城市的灯光——煤和石油的燃烧转化为电力。在许多观察家看来,它们似乎是即将到来的世界末日的前兆。就连格陵兰岛也在燃烧。     

真正的文艺复兴人

正按照词典里的解释,"文艺复兴人"是指在艺术和科学等许多领域都达到精通程度且表现超群的人,比如达·芬奇。随着艺术和科学范畴的延展,再加上人类在生理上的局限,再出现像文艺复兴时期那样博学的通才几乎是不太可能了。人类不可能,那么机器人有可能吗?西格诺尔·朱塞佩的小提琴哀鸣得就像垂死的生灵。     

地震作用下车辆-公路桥梁耦合作用的能量机理

由于地震作用下车辆和公路桥梁相互耦合作用的复杂性,目前对其相互作用机理的研究较少,导致各国现行公路桥梁抗震设计规范关于桥梁在地震作用时是否需要考虑活载作用仍然存在分歧.现有研究表明,车辆既可能对桥梁的地震响应产生有利影响,也可能产生不利的影响.本文在已有的研究基础上,对车桥耦合接触行为进行简化模拟,采用能量法对车辆-公路桥梁耦合作用机理进行分析.结果表明：车桥耦合作用对输入到桥梁水平方向能量的影响可以忽略不计,但会导致输入到桥梁竖向总能量的减小,因而使桥梁的竖向地震响应减小,而输入到车辆竖向的能量则主要来自桥面振动;此外,车辆质量越小,桥梁振动产生的对车辆水平方向的能量输入越大.     

基于CR全量非线性梁柱理论的平面剪切梁元

基于CR全量非线性计算模式,结合考虑梁元剪切效应的Timoshenko梁理论,采用梁柱理论(稳定函数格式)建立精细高效的综合考虑单元轴力、弯矩、剪力及其耦合效应的平面梁元分析理论.采用梁柱理论,结合CR坐标法,完善高精度目标下的平面梁元几何非线性问题快速求解方法;以二阶梁柱理论为基础,推导考虑剪切效应的转角位移方程具体格式,获得刚度系数的精确稳定函数表达式,在保证数值精度及计算过程稳定性的前提下,将上述稳定函数幂级数化且提出对应的截断准则,随后推导了剪切变形影响下考虑梁元弓弦效应的单元节点计算表达式;编写程序对本文提出的方法与经典算例进行对比检验,并结合实际工程进行分析.研究结果表明:对一般的多跨连续梁结构,利用本文计算理论能获得与经典算例一致精度的计算结果;对发生大位移的类如肘型刚架结构,利用本文理论可获得其考虑剪切效应的荷载-位移全过程变形曲线,其跃越屈曲第一及第二临界点亦与经典文献符合;对不同主梁形式的特大跨度斜拉桥结构,利用本文理论亦可得到合理的整体变形特征,同时明显提高分析效率.     

An optimized short-term wind power interval prediction method considering NWP accuracy

In recent years, the accuracy of the wind power prediction has been urgently studied and improved to satisfy the requirements of power system operation. In this paper, the relevance vector machine(RVM)-based models are established to predict the wind power and its interval for a given confidence level. An NWP improvement module is presented considering the characteristic of NWP error. Moreover, two parameter optimization algorithms are applied to further improve the prediction model and to compare each performance. To take three wind farms in China as examples, the performance of two RVM-based models optimized, respectively, by genetic algorithm(GA)and particle swarm optimization(PSO) are compared with predictions based on a genetic algorithm–artificial neural network(GA–ANN) and support vector machine. Results show that the proposed models have better prediction accuracy with GA–RVM model and more efficient calculation with PSO–RVM.     

燃料电池车用超高速空压机永磁体结构强度研究

针对大功率燃料电池系统高速空压机转子永磁体离心拉应力破坏,采用解析法计算了额定转速时护套与永磁体间过盈量的大小及应力,采用有限元方法建立二维轴对称模型,计算了永磁体和护套内的应力分布,对比解析法与有限元方法的准确性.基于有限元法研究了温升和护套材料对永磁体应力的影响,结果表明,解析法和有限元法计算的各应力的相对误差不超过2.5％,而影响因素中转速和温升均会造成永磁体应力的显著提升,需要增大过盈量对转子永磁体保护.碳纤维护套相比合金护套可以至少降低42.1％的永磁体应力,且在高温工况下的效果更为显著.降低转速、增大装配过盈量以及改善转子冷却均能有效优化结构强度,而复合材料护套相比钢护套更适用于保护永磁体.     

Influence factor of diesel soot formation in diesel engine combustion predicted by multistep soot model with highlight in soot surface activity

As more strict regulations on soot emission with increasing emphasis on the emitted soot particle size have been imposed, diesel engine partially premixed combustion had been proven to achieve ultra-low NOx and soot emissions with high thermal efficiency simulta- neously, by synergy control of mixing and chemical parameters. It calls for further study in the effect of com- bustion boundaries on soot formation. In this study, soot formation characteristic was investigated by CFD code coupled with reduced n-heptane model and improved multistep soot model. History of acetylene, which is taken as the main species of PAH formation and soot surface growth, plays more important roles on soot prediction. The revised parameter of fraction of active sites αCH was introduced as the indicator of soot surface activity in diesel soot formation. The effects of combustion boundaries on soot surface activity and soot surface growth were explored in this study. When the mixture was quite homogeneous, lowered combustion temperature was the main factor for reduced soot formation due to the lowered specific surface growth rate RCH, in spite of ec/4 increasing slightly due to the slowed decay rate of surface activity. As the inhomo- geneity of the mixture was increased, more unburned hydrocarbons were produced, promoting the formation of acetylene and soot surface activity. It was the dominated reason for higher soot surface growth rate, resulted wors- ened engine-out soot. In addition, residual of CO in later combustion phase impeded the re-oxidation of soot.     

00 g干重之间;主要成分反式茴香脑的相对含量

d Component of Fennel from Seven Different AreasREN An-xiang~1,HE Jin-ming~1,GUO Yuan~2,WANG Yu-mei~(1,2)(1.College of Yingdong Bioengineer Shaoguan University,Shaoguan,Guangdong 512005,China;2.Agriculture College of Inner Mongolia Agricul愎?对科技型中小企业无形资产价值的评估提出了展望。