一种改进的M元扩频通信算法

针对采用码相位循环移位获得的M元扩频需要额外同步信息的问题,提出一种改进型扩频通信算法.该算法采用m序列及其倒序序列构成系统扩频码集;在同相支路上利用扩频码的码极性调制进行传输,同时在正交支路利用扩频码码相位调制,实现M元扩频.该算法利用2种扩频方式的自身特点可快速准确地获取载波相位信息,具有不需要额外提供同步资源的优势.仿真结果表明,该算法可有效提高系统资源的利用率.     

基于模糊故障树的燃料电池发动机氢安全

针对燃料电池发动机的安全可靠性,分析了氢安全和电安全的基本要求及其影响因素,重点从氢安全角度建立了以氢气泄露为顶事件的故障树模型.考虑到底事件和中间事件发生故障概率的模糊性和不确定性,将模糊数学和故障树分析法相结合,对底事件的故障概率进行模糊化并计算了顶事件发生的模糊概率;然后,采用模糊数中值法进行了各底事件的模糊重要度分析,找出了燃料电池发动机安全性的薄弱环节并提出了相关整改措施.研究结果表明,该方法较之传统故障树分析法实用、有效,对提高燃料电池发动机的可靠性与安全性设计具有指导作用.     

一种基于激光雷达和视觉的行人检测方法

针对一般城市环境的道路交通安全问题,提出了一种联合激光雷达和视觉的行人检测方法.利用激光雷达和摄像头坐标之间的透视变换关系,将环境的深度信息映射到图像中,并使用航位角推算方法同步激光雷达和摄像头,然后提取兴趣区域.在激光雷达聚类过程中,提出了一种基于行人宽度信息的目标分割方法,能有效分割并排行人.在基于视觉的行人检测中,首先根据行人边缘对称性的特点,预处理兴趣区域,然后采用基于Hausdorff距离的模板匹配方法,根据激光雷达的深度信息匹配行人上半身模板.实验结果表明,该方法可以取得较理想的效果.     

改进的引导式邻域搜索算法求解周期性车辆路径问题

在引导式邻域搜索算法静态惩罚策略的基础上,提出动态惩罚策略,设计改进的引导式邻域搜索算法,将其用于求解周期性车辆路径问题,采用标准算例进行数据实验,对动态与静态的惩罚策略进行对比.结果表明,采用改进的引导式邻域搜索算法求解周期性车辆路径问题可行有效.     

热镀锌双相钢DP590力学特性及其本构模型

通过单轴拉伸试验及液压扩胀试验,分析了热镀锌双相钢DP590准静态条件下力学特性及大应变力学行为,同时利用高速电液伺服试验机及分离式Hopkinson拉杆试验机测试了该材料中高应变率下的动态力学特性.试验数据表明,DP590呈现微弱的各向异性,同时其动态等效应力应变曲线簇具有随应变增加而渐进收敛的特性.在此基础上提出了一个基于YLD2003各向异性屈服准则的混合流动硬化收敛型黏塑性本构模型,并提供了模型参数的识别方法.利用该本构模型对一薄壁管梁结构的轴向冲击试验过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,采用新本构的仿真模型可以准确模拟试验结果,因而该本构更适用于工程精细仿真的需要.     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Spin-orbit (SO) coupling--the interaction between a quantum particle's spin and its momentum--is ubiquitous in physical systems. In condensed matter systems, SO coupling is crucial for the spin-Hall effect and topological insulators; it contributes to the electronic properties of materials such as GaAs, and is important for spintronic devices. Quantum many-body systems of ultracold atoms can be precisely controlled experimentally, and would therefore seem to provide an ideal platform on which to study SO coupling. Although an atom's intrinsic SO coupling affects its electronic structure, it does not lead to coupling between the spin and the centre-of-mass motion of the atom. Here, we engineer SO coupling (with equal Rashba and Dresselhaus strengths) in a neutral atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by dressing two atomic spin states with a pair of lasers. Such coupling has not been realized previously for ultracold atomic gases, or indeed any bosonic system. Furthermore, in the presence of the laser coupling, the interactions between the two dressed atomic spin states are modified, driving a quantum phase transition from a spatially spin-mixed state (lasers off) to a phase-separated state (above a critical laser intensity). We develop a many-body theory that provides quantitative agreement with the observed location of the transition. The engineered SO coupling--equally applicable for bosons and fermions--sets the stage for the realization of topological insulators in fermionic neutral atom systems.     

Evidence for cultivar adoption and emerging complexity during the mid-Holocene in the La Plata basin

Multidisciplinary investigations at the Los Ajos archaeological mound complex in the wetlands of southeastern Uruguay challenge the traditional view that the La Plata basin was inhabited by simple groups of hunters and gatherers for much of the pre-Hispanic era. Here we report new archaeological, palaeoecological and botanical data indicating that during an increasingly drier mid-Holocene, at around 4,190 radiocarbon (14C) years before present (bp), Los Ajos became a permanent circular plaza village, and its inhabitants adopted the earliest cultivars known in southern South America. The architectural plan of Los Ajos during the following Ceramic Mound Period (around 3,000-500 14C yr bp) is similar to, but earlier than, settlement patterns demonstrated in Amazonia, revealing a new and independent architectural tradition for South America.     

FK506 sensitizes mammalian cells to high osmolarity by modulating p38 MAP kinase activation

The immunosuppressants tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA) have increased the survival rates in organ transplantation. Both drugs inhibit the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in activated T cells, exhibiting similar side-effects. Diabetes is observed more often in FK506 than CsA therapy, probably due to inhibition of new molecular targets other than CaN. We studied FK506 toxicity in mammalian cells. FK506, but not CsA, regulated p38 activation by osmotic stress, and decreased viability in osmostressed cells. In addition, FK506 treatment strongly increased the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF-2a) subunit. eIF-2a phosphorylation, p38 inhibition and cell lethality were relieved by addition of excess amino acids to the medium, suggesting that amino acid availability mediated FK506 toxicity. Therefore, these FK506-dependent responses could be relevant to the non-therapeutic effects of FK506 therapy.Received 16 October 2003; received after revision 8 January 2004; accepted 14 January 2004     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.