未来的计算机的体系结构

自从1981年10月在东京的国际会议上日本发表第五代计算机规划以来,在计算机科学界渐渐承认冯·诺依曼式计算机的地位将变得愈来愈不重要。计算从顺序而集中转向并行而分布,此时大量的系统必须在一起工作,这将要求有新一代的通用计算机。     

生物技术资本发展趋势

本书通过对生物技术企业和投资者进行采访和大量的实例研究，概括了目前生物技术基金发展的趋势，明确指出了由于不同的背景和预期，在企业家和投资者之间存在的巨大的鸿沟，在竞争环境下，双方应当采取何种态度，来克服存在的偏见以获得成功。     

Zr(0001)-(2×2)-O表面结构的分析

LEED强度的多重散射分析,进一步确定Zr与氧作用在低覆盖量下(<1ML),形成(2×2)-O结构,是氧吸附后进入Zr表面原子层下,占据八面体空位,形成有两层氧的under layer结构,Zr表面原子层有Fcc重构。分析得到的Zt-O键距为0.232nm,而Zr-Zr间距增大为0.268nm,比原来的距离增大约4.3％,这是由于氧插入的结果。     

差动放大器的微变等效电路分析

本文利用h参数微变等效电路法对双极型晶体管差动放大器的整体电路进行了分析,这种分析不同于文献(1～5)中的分析。此种方法的优点是推导严谨,物理概念清楚,对电路有一个整体概念。     

Morphine 6 glucuronide stimulates nitric oxide release in mussel neural tissues: evidence for a morphine 6 glucuronide opiate receptor subtype

We have previously demonstrated that Mytilus edulis pedal ganglia contain opiate alkaloids, i.e., morphine and morphine 6 glucuronide (M6G), as well as mu opiate receptor subtype fragments exhibiting high sequence similarity to those found in mammals. Now we demonstrate that M6G stimulates pedal ganglia constitutive nitric oxide (NO) synthase (cNOS)-derived NO release at identical concentrations and to similar peak levels as morphine. However, the classic opiate antagonist, naloxone, only blocked the ability of morphine to stimulate cNOS-derived NO release and not that of M6G. CTOP, a mu-specific antagonist, blocked the ability of M6G to induce cNOS-derived NO release as well as that of morphine, suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor was present and selective toward M6G. In examining a receptor displacement analysis, both opiate alkaloids displaced [³H]-dihydromorphine binding to the mu opiate receptor subtype. However, morphine exhibited a twofold higher affinity, again suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor may be present. Received 1 November 2001; received after revision 1 February 2002; accepted 1 February 2002     

Microbial cycling of volatile organic sulfur compounds

Microbial cycling of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), especially dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MT), is intensively studied because these compounds play an important role in the processes of global warming, acid precipitation, and the global sulfur cycle. VOSC concentrations in freshwater sediments are low due to the balance between the formation and degradation of these compounds. These reactions occur for the greater part at the oxic/anoxic interphase of sediment and water column. In contrast to marine ecosystems, where dimethylsulfoniopropionate is the main precursor of MT and DMS, in freshwater ecosystems, VOSCs are formed mainly by methylation of sulfide and to a lesser extent from the degradation of S-containing amino acids. One of the major routes for DMS and MT formation through sulfide methylation is anaerobic O-demethylation of methoxylated aromatic compounds. Inhibition studies have revealed that the major part of the endogenously produced MT and DMS is degraded anaerobically by methanogens. The major bacterial groups involved in formation and consumption of VOSCs are described.     

关注创新人才 建设创新型国家——2006中国国际工博会“院士圆桌会议“举行

2006中国国际工博会科技论坛之一“院士圆桌会议”11月15日上午在上海科学会堂举行,今年会议主题为“创新人才与创新型国家建设”,上海市副市长严隽琪出席会议并发表热情洋溢的讲话,国家自然科学基金委副主任、中国科学院院士、上海市科协主席沈文庆主持会议。     

常见网络攻击与防范

意识到网络攻击的严重性!! 现今,不断更新换代的世界里,网络安全漏洞是无处不在,网络黑客无孔不钻的。旧的安全漏洞补上,新的还将不断涌现。网络攻击正是利用这些漏洞和缺陷,对系统和资源进行攻击。目前,大多电脑个人用户对网络安全缺乏足够警惕性,抱着无所谓态度,都认为最多不过是被攻击者盗用账号,顶多中个病毒什么的,只要自己重装WINDOS系统就行了,不会造成多大危害。他们往往认为大中型企事业单位和网站才是黑客的重点目标。     

MAP kinases in plant signal transduction

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are modules involved in the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular targets in all eukaryotes. Distinct MAPK pathways are regulated by different extracellular stimuli and are implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. In plants there is evidence for MAPKs playing a role in the signaling of abiotic stresses, pathogens and plant hormones. The large number and divergence of plant MAPKs indicates that this ancient mechanism of bioinformatics is extensively used in plants and may provide a new molecular handle on old questions.