分离式微通道热管低风量下换热性能模拟研究

为了降低数据中心的运行能耗,分离式热管冷却系统会根据实际负载降低风扇转速,造成换热性能的衰减. 为了对低风量和低负载下分离式微通道热管的换热性能进行研究和分析,建立了适用于预测低风量下分离式微通道热管换热性能的一维稳态模型,并与试验结果对比,验证了模型的准确性,其最大预测平均偏差为6.3%. 利用该模型研究了运行参数对分离式微通道热管的换热性能和数据中心热安全的影响. 不同风量下,服务器排风温度从27 ℃上升至39 ℃时,系统换热量均有超过60%的提升;冷冻水供水温度从6 ℃提升至18 ℃会导致系统换热量最高下降41.8%. 在200～1 400 m3/h风量下,增加蒸发器和冷凝器的高度差可有效提升系统换热量和制冷剂质量流量,风量越大,换热量增长率越高. 但在相同风量下,随着高度差的逐渐增大,换热量增长率逐渐降低. 研究结果对分离式微通道热管在数据中心的设计优化和节能运行有一定促进作用.     

非牛顿流体充填料浆的管输摩擦阻力预测

在矿山充填采矿中,充填料浆在管道输送中的阻力损失计算是一重要环节.为探索采用摩擦阻力系数模型简单高效地预测充填料浆管输阻力损失的方法,按照流态分类,总结了7种常用的非牛顿流体的摩擦阻力系数模型,结合一个具体案例分析讨论了模型的正确使用.结果显示,选取模型时必须先考虑工程实际的流体类型和流态;对于最常见的宾汉塑性体的层流运动,使用Darby-Melson模型和Swamee-Aggarwal方程可近似替代Buckingham-Reiner方程,其预测的沿程阻力损失与实际监测十分吻合,是宾汉塑性体层流流动首选的阻力预测模型,而Danish-Kumar模型则过低估计阻力值,适合赫德数较大的流体.实际监测中的速度、沿程阻力波动原因与料浆配比的波动、骨料变异性、料浆非均匀性和充填采场倍线大小等因素密切相关且不可避免.对于层流紊流过渡区流体的沿程阻力预测仍是工程难题.     

基于动作单元的机电产品故障溯源诊断方法

针对故障在复杂机电产品中传递发展的特点,提出了一种基于动作单元的机电产品故障溯源诊断方法.按照功能-运动-动作对整机功能进行结构化分解得到基本的动作单元,并分析动作单元之间的传递过程;在此基础上建立以动作单元和故障现象为节点的贝叶斯网络模型,利用贝叶斯网络的推理算法,计算各个节点的发生概率并追溯最大概率路径,实现动作层的故障动作单元诊断及故障动作单元传播过程诊断;利用故障图对动作单元内部的故障模式及其传递发展过程进行描述,找到引起动作单元故障的根本原因.通过对机电产品动作层和动作单元内部的诊断分析,实现故障现象到故障原因的溯源诊断.将所提出的溯源诊断方法应用到某企业数控转台故障诊断中,结果表明,从运动的角度进行故障溯源诊断,能够有效地诊断出故障动作单元及其传播过程并反映出动作单元内部元件故障的传递发展过程,便于找到导致故障的根本原因,提高了对机电产品故障诊断的效率.     

锂电池异常状态监测的FEKF方法研究

为了保障锂离子电池的使用安全,提出了基于带渐消因子的扩展卡尔曼滤波（Fading Extended Kalman Filter,FEKF）的电池状态在线监测方法. 建立锂电池一阶等效电路模型,利用递推最小二乘法进行锂电池状态参数在线辨识,建立状态方程;引入最优渐消因子,构造FEKF,得到端电压残差;使用端电压残差序列构造χ2分布的诊断函数,计算误检率与状态参数异常阈值. 实验结果显示利用FEKF生成的残差能更早对异常状态进行告警,证明FEKF能够显著提高χ2检验对锂电池内部缓变型异常状态判断的准确率.     

必要的敬畏

正在敬畏中,我们坚守自然的奇异性,向未知敞开心扉。无怪乎它是科学想象力的核心所在。当科学范式被打破时,科学家不得不进入未知领域。这就是科学革命来临之际,托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)所认定的。科学家的世界图景变得站不住脚,学科中公认的真理遭到彻底的怀疑。     

液压蓄能式风力机组并网转速解耦优化控制

针对在风速、同步发电机负载变化情况下,液压蓄能式风力机组并网转速控制问题,提出一种新型并网转速控制方法——解耦广义预测优化控制方法（Decoupled Generalized Predictive Optimization Control, DGPOC）.首先,DGPOC利用基于广义预测的前馈解耦方法解除变量马达摆角和蓄能器比例阀开度之间的耦合关系,进而调节蓄能器比例阀,依靠蓄能器吸收波动流量,同步调节变量马达摆角实现恒转速控制,解决因风速、同步发电机负载变化引起的变量马达转速波动问题; 其次,将蓄能器比例阀的能量损耗作为性能约束项,加入到优化目标函数中,求取最优控制量,从而提高液压蓄能式风力机组风能利用率; 最后,利用建立的MATLAB-AMESim联合仿真实验平台验证DGPOC方法的有效性.实验结果表明： DGPOC方法不仅可以实现变量马达摆角和蓄能器比例阀开度两个变量的解耦,提升变量马达转速控制的快速性及鲁棒性,而且能够降低系统的能量损耗.     

Genetic background of phenotypic variation

A noteworthy feature of the living world is its bewildering variability. A key issue in several biological disciplines is the achievement of an understanding of the hereditary basis of this variability. Two opposing, but not necessarily irreconcilable conceptions attempt to explain the underlying mechanism. The gene function paradigm postulates that phenotypic variance is generated by the polymorphism in the coding sequences of genes. However, comparisons of a great number of homologous gene and protein sequences have revealed that they predominantly remained functionally conserved even across distantly related phylogenic taxa. Alternatively, the gene regulation paradigm assumes that differences in the cis-regulatory region of genes do account for phenotype variation within species. An extension of this latter concept is that phenotypic variability is generated by the polymorphism in the overall gene expression profiles of gene networks. In other words, the activity of a particular gene is a system property determined both by the cis-regulatory sequences of the given genes and by the other genes of a gene network, whose expressions vary among individuals, too. Novel proponents of gene function paradigm claim that functional genetic variance within the coding sequences of regulatory genes is critical for the generation of morphological polymorphism. Note, however, that these developmental genes play direct regulatory roles in the control of gene expression.     

位移放大型扭转阻尼器性能分析

为了加固梁柱节点、避免框架结构出现"弱节点"的破坏模式、提高框架结构整体的抗震和耗能能力,研制出一种具有自主知识产权的位移放大型扭转阻尼器(DATD),并对其进行数值分析和试验研究.首先,设计了18个具有不同参数的DATD,建立其有限元模型进行数值分析;随后,设计并制作了一个DATD,进行性能试验并与有限元分析结果对比.结果表明:DATD滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强;有限元分析与性能试验的滞回曲线吻合较好,且随着加载位移的增加,两者间误差变小,因此可以采用建立的有限元模型来研究DATD的力学性能.最后,对DATD进行参数影响分析,研究了铅芯直径、铅芯距中轴距离、橡胶层直径、橡胶层厚度及橡胶剪切模量对其特征参数的影响,结果表明:DATD的屈服剪力、等效刚度、等效阻尼比及耗能系数随着铅芯直径增大而明显增大,随着铅芯距中轴距离的增大略有增大;随着橡胶层直径、橡胶剪切模量的增大,屈服剪力及等效刚度逐渐增大而耗能系数及等效阻尼比逐渐减小;4个特征参数均随着橡胶层厚度的增大而略微减小.     

Simulating FAS-induced apoptosis by using P systems

In contrast to differential equations, P systems are an unconventional model of computation which takes into consideration the discrete character of the quantity of components and the inherent randomness that exists in biological phenomena. The key feature of P systems is their compartmentalised structure which represents the heterogeneity of the structural organisation of the cells, and where one can take into account the role played by membranes in the functioning of the system, for example signalling at the cell surface, selective uptake of substances from the media, diffusion across different compartments, etc. We show here that P systems can be a reliable tool for Systems Biology and could even outperform in some cases the current simulation techniques based on differential equations. We will also use a strategy based on the well known Gillespie algorithm but running on more than one compartment called Multi-compartmental Gillespie Algorithm.     

An aqueous extract of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan alters the labeling of blood constituents with Technetium-99m

The Liu Wei Di Huang Wan is a formula of a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat asthma patients and has been shown to have several important properties,such as antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.The influence of an extract of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m was investigated.Anticoagulated blood(Wistar rats) was incubated with the extract,stannous chloride and technetium-99m,as sodium pertechnetate.Samples were centrifuged and aliquots of plasma and blood cells were separated and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid,to obtain soluble and insoluble fractions of the blood constituents.The percentage of radioactivity(%ATI) in all the fractions was determined.The analysis of the results shows that the extract at the highest concentration used(70 mg/mL) decreased significantly(P<0.05) the %ATI(from 96.48 ± 1.19 to 54.46 ± 7.38) on blood cells compartment,(from 81.11 ± 4.15 to 61.33 ± 4.74) on insoluble fractions of blood cells and(from 65.91 ± 2.44 to 13.15 ± 3.62) on insoluble fractions of plasma.In conclusion,the results suggest that the substances present on this extract can alter this labeling process,probably due to(i) redox properties(antioxidant and chelator activities) and/or(ii) specific actions in the binding sites where the 99mTc would be bound on the blood constituents.As a consequence,precaution is suggested on the interpretation of the nuclear medicine results from performed with blood constituents labeled with 99m Tc in patients that have undertaken LWDHW,although the current findings were obtained in experimental animal models.