Concept Approximation between Fuzzy Ontologies

0 IntroductionOnktnoolwolgeyd[g1]ei so tnh eth bea ssiec moaf nstihcari Wnge ba[n2]d. re Tuhsienregare concepts ,relations ,instances and axioms in theontologies .Classic ontologies are based on descrip-tionlogics[3],whichinterpret conceptsinthe ontol-ogy as sets of instances . However , we often needrepresent uncertainty information in practice,e.g.text and multi media information. The classic ontol-ogies are insufficient to represent such uncertaintyinformation, because it may be uncertain …     

Fuel design real-time to control HCCI combustion

In order to achieve lower emissions and extensive load in the homogeneous charge com- pression ignition (HCCI) engine system, a novel fuel design concept that high-octane number fuel and high-cetane number fuel are mixed real-time to con- trol HCCI combustion is proposed in this study. HCCI combustion fueled with iso-octane/n-heptane mix- tures controlled real-time on a single-cylinder HCCI combustion engine is studied. The test results show that the equivalence ratio of n-heptane in mixtures decides ignition and controls the combustion phase of HCCI combustion. The addition of iso-octane ex- tends knocking limit in equivalence ratio somewhat, but knocking occurrence mainly depends on the total concentration of mixture. Although operating range in equivalence ratio becomes narrow with the increas- ing proportion of iso-octane, the maximum load of HCCI combustion fueled with iso-octane/n-heptane mixtures controlled real-time is increased about 80% more than that of pure n-heptane. When iso-octane/ n-heptane mixtures are controlled in optimized method, it is proved that the load of HCCI combustion can be fully extended and emissions can be de- creased remarkably, while at the same time the higher indicated thermal efficiencies are obtained over the extensive operation range.     

AGGREGATION OF FUZZY OPINIONS UNDER GROUP DECISION-MAKING BASED ON SIMILARITY AND DISTANCE

In this article,a new method for aggregating fuzzy individual opinions into a group consensusopinion is proposed.To obtain the aggregation weights of each individual opinion,a consistency indexof each expert with the other experts is introduced based on similarity and distance.The importance ofeach expert is also taken into consideration in the process of aggregation.Finally.a numerical exampleis presented to illustrate the efficiency of the procedure.     

Sequential Estimate for Generalized Linear Models with Uncertain Number of Effective Variables

For the generalized linear model,the authors propose a sequential sampling procedure based on an adaptive shrinkage estimate of parameter.This method can determine a minimum sample size under which effective variables contributing to the model are identified and estimates of regression parameters achieve the required accuracy.The authors prove that the proposed sequential procedure is asymptotically optimal.Numerical simulation studies show that the proposed method can save a large number of samples compared to the traditional sequential approach.     

DIAMOND FILMS DEPOSITED AT LOW TEMPERATURES MICROWAVE PLASMA-ASSISTED CVD METHOD

Low-temperature deposition of diamond thin films in the range of 280~445℃ has been successfully carried out by microwave plasma-assisted CVD method.At lower deposition temperatures (280~445℃),the large increase in the nucleation density and great improvement in the average surfae roughness of the diamond were observed. Results of low temperature deposition and characterization of diamond thin films obtained are presented.     

Revegetation Strategies for Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

三峡工程全面运行之后,水文条件发生巨大变化,新形成的消涨带(海拔145～175 m)原有植被大部分可能逐渐消亡。如何重建该地段植被成为科研人员和管理部门关注的热点问题。在文献综合分析的基础上,结合在三峡消涨带植被重建方面的前期工作,建议如下:首先对库区消涨带植被进行长期定位监测,了解新的水文条件下原有植被动态及命运,同时为消涨带植被人工重建提供备选物种;其次,评价土壤种子库恢复地上植被的潜力,结合地上植被监测结果,评价消涨带植被的自我恢复(更新)能力。在此基础上,综合生理生态学和生活史特征,筛选植被重建适宜物种。人工重建植被过程中,原有水田可以应用水生植物构建湿地植被;地势平缓,土壤条件较好的地段可以利用筛选的乔木、灌木和草本垂直配置构建人工植被。此后,至少需要5年监测和评估植被重建效果。     

21世纪初中国人工建设不透水地表遥感监测与时空分析

进入21世纪中国快速的城市化、工业化受到世界瞩目.基于国家资源环境遥感时空信息平台动态更新的中国土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)数据集以及人工建设不透水地表(ISA)空间数据集,在国家尺度监测21世纪初(2000~2008年)人工建设用地与不透水地表的增长.结果表明,我国21世纪初8年间受新一轮国土开发战略、社会经济高速增长等因素的影响,全国人工建设用地与不透水地表面积分别以3468.30,2212.24km2/a的速度高速增长,到2008年不透水地表面积占国土总面积的0.86%.2000~2008年城市用地扩张速度是20世纪90年代的2.18倍,以1788.22km2/a的平均速度扩张了2000年面积的43.46%,其中城市不透水地表面积以1348.85km2/a的速度增长了2000年面积的53.30%.总体上,8年间中国城市不透水地表面积呈现高速增长的态势,京津冀、珠三角与长三角三大城市群以及西部地区属于快速增长的区域.8年间,我国七大流域地表水环境均不同程度地受到不透水地表增长的潜在影响,而且不透水地表面积比例大于10%的子流域面积显著增加,集中分布在海河、长江、珠江三大流域.到2008年我国国土流域面积的14.42%不同程度地受到不透水地表分布的影响.     

Construction of Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with the chit33 gene from Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 and its biocontrol effect on Fusaria

Streptomyces lydicus A01 resists many plant pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing the antifungal agent natamycin, which binds to the ergosterol of fungal cell membranes and inhibits the growth of pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 is a widely-distributed soil fungus that antagonizes several plant fungal pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing chi-tinase and degrading chitin, a major component of the fungal cell wall. This study attempted to enhance the biocontrol effect of S. lydicus A01 on Fusarium spp. by transforming the chitinase gene of Trichoderma. Chitinase and natamycin could act synergisti-cally on both the cell walls and cell membranes of pathogens. The 33-kD chitinase-encoding gene (chit33) was cloned and conju-gal-transformed from T. harzianum CECT2413 to S. lydicus A01, and then confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Subsequent analyses using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry showed that compared with its wild type strain (WT), the S. lydicus A01 conjugal transformant (CT) with chit33 gene exhibited substantially higher chi-tinase activity and natamycin production. The resistance of S. lydicus A01-chit33 CT and WT to four Fusaria in crops and vegetables was tested via the cup-plate method. Compared with the WT, the conjugal transformant of S. lydicus A01 with chit33 gene from T. harzianum CECT2413 showed greatly increased biocontrol effect on fusarium disease. This study would be beneficial to the development of high-quality antifungal bio-agents for agricultural applications via the synergy between the previously non-existent and pre-existing functions achieved through heterogeneous gene transformation.     

AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field transistor for label-free detection of DNA hybridization

This paper demonstrates electrical detection of single strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) conjugation by AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure field effect transistor (HFET) biological sensors. The probe ssDNA molecules are modified by thiol groups. The immobilization of probe molecules is achieved by S-Au bonding on a thin layer of gold film in the sensing area. The immobilization and hybridization process are firstly implemented on Si surfaces and checked by fluorescent and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The hybridization process is monitored on AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Time-dependent current change is observed when a matched ssDNA solution is applied, while no response is observed for a mismatched ssDNA sequence. The DNA hybridization process is dominated by the conjugation between matched ssDNA sequences in the first few tens of seconds. After that, the hybridization process is dominated by mass transfer processes and saturation of the immobilized probe ssDNA molecules.     

Development of DArT markers for a linkage map of flue-cured tobacco

Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the most economically important nonfood crops,and flue-cured tobacco accounts for approximately 80% of world tobacco production.An extremely narrow genetic diversity in the tobacco pool has led to a low efficiency of PCR-based molecular markers(such as AFLP and SSR).Diversity Arrays Technology(DArT) is a high-throughput hybridisation-based marker system that has been developed in many plants including wheat,which,like tobacco,has a complex genome.In this study,we developed a tobacco DArT chip that included 7680 representative sequence tags based on typical tobacco accessions.The 1076 DArT markers of flue-cured tobacco were identified and most(82.1%) of their polymorphism information contents(PICs) were greater than 0.4.An integrated linkage map that included 851 markers(238 DArT and 613 SSR),which is the highest density map of flue-cured tobacco to date,was constructed.This chip-based DArT system provides an alternative in high-throughput marker genotyping for tobacco.