Computational algorithms for simulating the grain structure formed on steel billets using cellular automaton and chaos theories

The development of some computational algorithms based on cellular automaton was described to simulate the structures formed during the solidification of steel products. The algorithms described take results from the steel thermal behavior and heat removal previously calculated using a simulator developed by present authors in a previous work. Stored time is used for displaying the steel transition from liquid to mushy and solid. And it is also used to command computational subroutines that reproduce nucleation and grain growth. These routines are logically programmed using the programming language C++ and are based on a simultaneous solution of numerical methods (stochastic and deterministic) to create a graphical representation of different grain structures formed. The grain structure obtained is displayed on the computer screen using a graphical user interface (GUI). The chaos theory and random generation numbers are included in the algorithms to simulate the heterogeneity of grain sizes and morphologies.     

Effect of the formation process of transient liquid phase (TLP) on the interface structure of TiAl joints

TiAl has been joined employing the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding with Ti combined with Cu, Ni or Fe foils. Experimental results showed that though the interface structures of the joints are quite different, all the joined zones are composed of five sublayers, i.e. two diffusion zones, two interfacial zones and an interlayer. It has been convinced that the formation process of the transient liquid phase controls the diffusion behavior of melting point depressant (MPD) Cu, Ni, and Fe atoms, which leads to form different interface structures of the joints.     

Action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor

To investigate the action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF), the focus is placed on the effect of EDDF on both cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca²⁺) transportation in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), as well as the apoptosis and cell cycle of VSMC of rats. EDDF has been extracted from human erythrocytes. The changes of Ca²⁺ levels in cytoplasm ([Ca²⁺]_i) and nucleus ([Ca²⁺]_n) have been observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope together with fluo-3/AM as a calcium indicator. Flow cytometric technique was used to study the effect of EDDF on cell cycle and apoptosis of VSMC. [Ca²⁺], and [Ca²⁺]_n were significantly decreased through several different pathways: ( i ) it reduced the Ca²⁺ influx by blocking L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDC) and R-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (R-VDC); (ii) it inhibited the Ca²⁺ release from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP₃) sensitive calcium store; and (iii) activated Ca²⁺-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and promoted the transportation of Ca²⁺ from cytoplasm to SR. However, EDDF seemed to have little inhibitory effect on the Ca²⁺ release from ryonodine sensitive calcium pool. It was also found that EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) significantly decreased the proportion of S phase of human umbilical vein (HUV) and inhibited the proliferation of VSMC induced by angiotensin II (Angll, 10⁻⁵ mol/L). The apopotosis did not occur when VSMC was cultured under normal condition. While VSMC apoptosis was induced by Angll (10⁻⁵ mol/L) and EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) seemed to have little effect on it. The inhibitory effect of EDDF on the elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i and [Ca²⁺]_n of VSMC might play an essential role in its action mechanisms and the ways it affects the Ca²⁺ handling of VSMC demonstrate that EDDF was different from other endogenous blood pressure regulators and some known antihypertensive drugs. EDDF could inhibit the proliferation of VSMC, which indicated that it might be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.     

Leaching of a copper flotation concentrate with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave system

The leaching behavior of a copper flotation concentrate was investigated using ammonium persulfate (APS) in an autoclave system. The decomposition products of APS, active oxygen, and acidic medium were used to extract metals from the concentrate. Leaching experiments were performed to compare the availability of APS as an oxidizing agent for leaching of the concentrate under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave system. Leaching temperature and APS concentration were found to be important parameters in both leaching systems. Atmospheric leaching studies showed that the metal extractions increased with the increase in APS concentration and temperature (up to 333 K). A similar tendency was determined in the autoclave studies up to 423 K. It was also determined that the metal extractions decreased at temperatures above 423 K due to the passivation of the particle surface by molten elemental sulfur. The results showed that higher copper extractions could be achieved using an autoclave system.     

Synthesis and characterization of boron-doped NiO thin films produced by spray pyrolysis

Boron-doped NiO thin films were prepared on glass substrates at 400℃ by airbrush spraying method using a solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate. Their physical properties were investigated as a function of dopant concentration. From X-ray diffraction patterns, it is observed that the films have cubic structure with lattice parameters varying with boron concentration. The morphologies of the films were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, and the grain sizes were measured to be around 30–50 nm. Optical measurements show that the band gap energies of the films first decrease then increase with increasing boron concentration. The resistivities of the films were determined by four point probe method, and the changes in resistivity with boron concentration were investigated.     

和田维吾尔族老人5-HTTLPR基因插入/缺失多态性研究及长寿的关联分析

 本文运用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)对新疆和田地区30例90岁以上维吾尔族长寿老人和70例当地健康、无血缘关系、生活习惯相似、随机抽样的维吾尔族对照人群进行5-HTTLPR基因分型及相应等位基因频率的比较并且探讨了5-羟色胺转运体基因连锁多态性区域(5-HTTLPR)的44bp插入/缺失序列多态性与长寿的相关性。结果表明,维吾尔族长寿老人的5-HTTLPR基因多态性的LL(528bp/528bp)基因型和L(528bp)等位基因频率分别为70%和81.7%,对照者LL基因型和L等位基因频率分别为40％和57.2％,两组之间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。由此得出,5-HTTLPR基因多态性与新疆和田地区维吾尔族老人的长寿有关联,新疆和田地区长寿相关基因组成为LL基因型和L等位基因。     

异常黑胆质型痴呆证病结合模型建立及方药干预实验

 为了建立阿尔茨海默病(AD)异常黑胆质证病结合大鼠模型,并观察维药异常黑胆质成熟剂对其影响,采用经典方法建立异常黑胆质证模型,随后将凝集态β-淀粉样蛋白1-40(β-Amyloid 1-40,Aβ_1-40)定位注射到双侧海马,建立病证结合模型;应用异常黑胆质成熟剂方药干预,观察各组体征变化,通过Morris水迷宫和跳台仪进行行为学测试,比较各组学习记忆能力的改变.结果表明,异常黑胆质证组和AD异常黑胆质证病结合组表现出饮水量增加(P<0.01),饮食量增加(P<0.01),体重减轻(P<0.01)等;AD组、异常黑胆质证组、AD异常黑胆质证病结合组学习记忆力降低(P<0.05);AD异常黑胆质证病结合组+异常黑胆质成熟剂干预组异常黑胆质证生物表征和学习记忆力均有所改善(P<0.05).研究表明,异常黑胆质成熟剂对AD异常黑胆质证病结合组大鼠的生物表征及学习记忆能力均有一定改善作用.     

维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌及HPV感染与多种基因表达上调的关系

 通过对维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌病变的高表达候选基因筛查分析,寻找族群特异的宫颈癌早期预警分子指标及其与HPV感染的相关性。收集维吾尔族妇女患者子宫颈新鲜组织标本85例,其中子宫颈鳞癌53例,慢性宫颈炎32例作为对照。提取组织DNA和RNA,利用HPV特异性PCR引物鉴定HPV感染阳性和型别,采用半定量RT-PCR方法对鉴定7种候选基因的转录表达水平变化。结果表明,宫颈炎或癌旁正常组织中的TK1、SPP1和ARPC2/3 mRNA检出率较低(25%—28%),在宫颈鳞癌中明显增高(62%—66%),其差异显著(P＜0.05);但是ANX8、HSPA1A、S100-A9和S100-P基因的转录表达水平变化不明显,其差异也无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。从HPV感染的角度分析,HPV阴性患者的TK1和SPP1 mRNA表达检出率较低(50.0%和44.2%);HPV阳性患者很高(82.9%和74.2%),有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究表明,SPP1、TK1和ARP2/3基因表达上调可能是维吾尔族宫颈癌发生的重要标志,其中TK1和SPP1基因表达水平变化可能对HPV感染有依赖关系。     

新疆小叶苔科和大萼苔科新记录种——小叶苔和长胞苔

在对新疆苔类植物区系研究过程中,发现新疆小叶苔与长胞苔新记录各1种,分别名为Fossomobronia pusilla (L.) Dumort和Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spr..小叶苔植物属于小叶苔纲(Fossombroniopsida)、小叶苔科( Fossombroniaceae )、小叶苔属( Fossombronia Raddi. ),为新疆新记录纲、新记录科、新记录属和新记录种;长胞苔Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce属于长胞苔属(Hygrobiella Spruce)、大萼苔科(Cephaloziaceae).长胞苔属(Hygrobiella Spruce) 全世界有2种,我国有1种Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce ,本属首次发现在新疆的分布.这些新记录在新疆的发现,既丰富了新疆苔类植物物种多样性,又扩大了其在中国的分布范围,为我国苔类植物区系提供了新的资料.     

氧化镓单晶的磨削材料去除机理和损伤演化研究

为了探究氧化镓单晶在磨削过程中材料去除机理和亚表面损伤演化规律,通过变切深纳米划痕试验模拟单颗磨粒去除材料的过程来探究磨削过程中的材料去除机理,使用粒度分别为SD600、SD1500和SD5000的金刚石砂轮对氧化镓单晶进行磨削试验,分析磨削表面形貌和亚表面的损伤演化规律.使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜作为主要表征手段,采用有限元法分析划痕过程中的应力分布.研究结果表明,氧化镓单晶在材料去除过程中沿不同晶向扩展的交错滑移带可能导致不规则的破碎坑,取向裂纹受到（-3-10）滑移面的严重影响. 随着砂轮粒径的减小,磨削表面形貌表现为破碎坑和取向裂纹主导的脆性表面逐渐演化为完全塑性表面.