Inner ear of the coelacanth fish Latimeria has tetrapod affinities

Auditory reception in elasmobranchs, teleosts and amphibians may be mediated by various inner-ear sensory epithelia 1–3, including the basilar papilla, which seems to be the precursor of the cochlea in mammals. The origin of the basilar papilla remains a major unsolved problem for understanding the evolution of hearing in terrestrial vertebrates4–6. Study of living species indicates that the basilar papilla is a unique feature of tetrapods 6,7, but palaeonto-logical data indicate that this epithelium as well as a middle ear, is already present in crossopterygian fish 8–10. However, no basilar papilla has been found in the only living crossopterygian species, the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae 11. I have re-examined the inner ear of adult and embryonic Latimeria and find a membranous specialization which resembles in structure, position and innerva-tion pattern the basilar papilla of tetrapods, in particular amniotes. No epithelium comparable to the basilar papilla was found in lungfish. I suggest that the basilar papillae of Latimeria and tetrapods are homologous and evolved only once in their common ancestor.     

灌区淋洗水量优化计算

在灌区水资源优化调度的基础上,考虑了土壤临界含盐量、土壤和地下水水盐动态等因素,提出了灌区淋洗水量优化计算方法,并给出了算例。     

Symmetry perception in an insect

Symmetrical visual patterns have a salient status in human perception, as evinced by their prevalent occurrence in art, and also in animal perception, where they may be an indicator of phenotypic and genotypic quality. Symmetry perception has been demonstrated in humans, birds, dolphins and apes. Here we show that bees trained to discriminate bilaterally symmetrical from non-symmetrical patterns learn the task and transfer it appropriately to novel stimuli, thus demonstrating a capacity to detect and generalize symmetry or asymmetry. We conclude that bees, and possibly flower-visiting insects in general, can acquire a generalized preference towards symmetrical or, alternatively, asymmetrical patterns depending on experience, and that symmetry detection is preformed or can be learned as perceptual category by insects, because it can be extracted as an independent visual pattern feature. Bees show a predisposition for learning and generalized symmetry because, if trained to it, they choose it more frequently, come closer to and hover longer in front of the novel symmetrical stimuli than the bees trained for asymmetry do for the novel asymmetrical stimuli. Thus, even organisms with comparatively small nervous systems can generalize about symmetry, and favour symmetrical over asymmetrical patterns.     

嗜盐菌的研究新进展

嗜盐菌作为一种新型微生物资源,已经在很多方面得到应用.如：为微生物生理、分类,系统发育学和生命科学研究提供新的课题,因此,嗜盐菌已引起人们的广泛关注.文章主要讨论了嗜盐菌的嗜盐机理和应用方面的研究新进展.     

辅助方程法与非线性发展方程的孤立波解

提出寻找非线性发展方程精确孤立波解的新的辅助方程法，并作为实例利用该方法得到4个非线性发展方程的新的精确孤立波解。     

一个非线性扩散方程的PAINLEVÉ-BÄCKLUND变换及其精确解

选择Painlevé-Backlund方程组的不同解,给出一类非线性扩散方程的某些精确孤立波解.这个方法也可以用来寻找其他非线性偏微分方程的精确孤立波解.     

对一个电磁学公式的商榷

对一个常用的电磁学公式提出了质疑 ,并推导出一个更为合理的新公式     

一个非线性扩散方程的PAINLEV-BCKLUND变换及其精确解(英文)

选择Painlev啨 -B cklund方程组的不同解 ,给出一类非线性扩散方程的某些精确孤立波解 .这个方法也可以用来寻找其他非线性偏微分方程的精确孤立波解 .