Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars

Red giants are evolved stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their cores and instead burn hydrogen in a surrounding shell. Once a red giant is sufficiently evolved, the helium in the core also undergoes fusion. Outstanding issues in our understanding of red giants include uncertainties in the amount of mass lost at the surface before helium ignition and the amount of internal mixing from rotation and other processes. Progress is hampered by our inability to distinguish between red giants burning helium in the core and those still only burning hydrogen in a shell. Asteroseismology offers a way forward, being a powerful tool for probing the internal structures of stars using their natural oscillation frequencies. Here we report observations of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants that permit a distinction between evolutionary stages to be made. We use high-precision photometry obtained by the Kepler spacecraft over more than a year to measure oscillations in several hundred red giants. We find many stars whose dipole modes show sequences with approximately regular period spacings. These stars fall into two clear groups, allowing us to distinguish unambiguously between hydrogen-shell-burning stars (period spacing mostly ～ 50 seconds) and those that are also burning helium (period spacing ～ 100 to 300 seconds).     

低渗透双重介质垂直裂缝井产能分析

针对低渗透双重介质地层进行水力压裂后形成的有限导流垂直裂缝,结合沃伦-鲁特模型,利用质量守恒和椭圆流法建立了低渗透双重介质油藏椭圆流数学模型,并应用拉普拉斯变换,求得了低渗透双重介质有限导流垂直裂缝井无因次产量表达式。运用Stefest数值反演,绘制了无因次产量随时间变化的双对数特征曲线图,对影响低渗透双重介质油藏有限导流垂直裂缝井井底压力动态的诸多影响因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,随着生产时间推移,启动压力梯度对产能影响越来越显著。     

组合导航系统中模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波器的设计

为了解决常规卡尔曼滤波法存在的不足,给出了用模糊推理系统与卡尔曼法相结合的方法。该方法通过监视理论残差和实际残差的协方差一致程度,应用模糊系统不断调整滤波器的增益系数,对卡尔曼滤波器进行在线自适应控制,最终实现最优估计。通过对INS/GPS组合导航系统的计算机仿真,结果表明该方法是有效、实用的。     

Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.     

废旧塑料回收参与群体演化博弈研究

针对目前中国对于废旧塑料的回收和处理依然存在的政府方面缺少政策的有利支持、企业缺乏技术研发和技术设备的资金投入等很多不足,纳入参与废旧塑料回收群体中的生产企业群体和当地政府群体两个主体建立模型,利用复制动态微分方程等方法,进行了演化博弈稳定性分析,并且得出了相关结论——塑料制品生产企业在回收体系中的参与比例和政府监管程度对废旧塑料的回收再利用有显著影响,并且给出了对应意见。     

西帕依固龈液对IL-1β刺激人牙龈成纤维细胞产生PGE2的影响

 研究不同浓度西帕依固龈液对白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)刺激人牙龈成纤维细胞(Human Gingival Fibroblast,HGF)产生前列腺素E₂(Prostaglandin E₂,PGE₂)水平的影响。采用健康人牙龈组织原代培养的HGF细胞,以1ng/mL的IL-1β作为刺激因子,将HGF细胞按5×10⁴/mL的细胞密度接种到24孔培养板中,每孔200μL的细胞悬液。孵育24h贴壁后,弃原培养液,清洗2次后加药,分组为空白对照组(用含20mL/L的胎牛血清的DMEM培养液),IL-1β组(浓度为1ng/mL),IL-1β+西帕依固龈液组(西帕依固龈液终末浓度分别为12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL),IL-1β+消炎痛(消炎痛浓度为100ng/mL)。用酶联免疫法测定PGE₂含量,观察不同浓度的西帕依固龈液(分别为12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL)对HGF培养上清中PGE₂水平的影响。结果显示,5种不同浓度的西帕依固龈液均能显著抑制1ng/mL的IL-1β刺激后HGF产生PGE₂,随着浓度的增加,抑制效果也增加,但5种浓度的西帕依固龈液抑制效果均低于100ng/mL的消炎痛。由此得出,HGF具有合成和分泌PGE₂的功能,IL-1β能有效刺激HGF产生PGE₂;西帕依固龈液对IL-1β刺激HGF合成和分泌PGE₂具有显著抑制作用,其抑制作用在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性。     

基于小波包联合AR功率谱理论的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了小波包联合自回归功率谱理论的故障诊断方法.对采集的轴承振动信号采用高、低正交共轭镜面滤波器组,将信号划分到不同频道上.滤波器每作用一次,数据点减半,采样的时间增至两倍.选取轴承缺陷所在频段的数据插零,将其他频带补零重构提高缺陷信号的时频分辨率;然后通过AR功率谱分析轴承运行状态,诊断出轴承对应的故障.对207滚动轴承的早期缺陷作了实际诊断,诊断结果与实际较为符合.证明该方法是一种有效的弱信号缺陷提取与诊断方法.     

改进的引导式邻域搜索算法求解周期性车辆路径问题

在引导式邻域搜索算法静态惩罚策略的基础上,提出动态惩罚策略,设计改进的引导式邻域搜索算法,将其用于求解周期性车辆路径问题,采用标准算例进行数据实验,对动态与静态的惩罚策略进行对比.结果表明,采用改进的引导式邻域搜索算法求解周期性车辆路径问题可行有效.     

解Schrodinger方程的高精度外推差分格式

通过构造Schrodinger方程的Crank-Nicolson格式,再利用Richardson外推法得到了一种高精度差分格式,这种格式具有O(τ4+h4)阶精度,且是无条件稳定的.数值算例表明,该算法比古典Crank-Nicolson格式精度更高.     

正交试验考察新疆锁阳中总黄酮的提取工艺

以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法比较醇提法、超声法、煎煮法从锁阳干燥肉质茎中提取有效成分黄酮类化合物的提取效率。采用正交试验优化了超声法的提取工艺。结果表明料液比和超声时间对黄酮类化合物的提取效率有显著影响,乙醇浓度对提取效率影响不显著。得到最佳提取工艺为60％乙醇、1：60料液比、超声1．5h。