DSC analyses of static and dynamic precipitation of an Al–Mg–Si–Cu aluminum alloy

In the present investigation, both static and dynamic precipitations of an Al–Mg–Si–Cu aluminum alloy after solid-solution treatment(SST)were comparatively analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Dynamic aging was performed in the SST alloy through equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) at different temperatures of room temperature, 110, 170, 191 and 300 1C. For comparison, static artificial aging was conducted in the SST alloy at 191 1C with two aging times of 4 and 10 h. The DSC analyses reveal that the dynamic precipitation has occurred in the ECAPed samples, while the activation energies associated with the strengthening precipitates in the dynamic samples are considerably higher than the energies in the SST and static aged samples. The higher activation energies are probably attributed to the smaller grains and higher dislocation density developed after ECAP. The results in the present investigation allow the prediction of the type of the dynamic precipitates to influence the strength of the ultrafine grained alloy during ECAP at various temperatures.     

Synthesis of few layer single crystal graphene grains on platinum by chemical vapour deposition

The present competition of graphene electronics demands an ef fi cient route which produces high quality and large area graphene. Chemical vapour deposition technique, where hydrocarbons dissociate in to active carbon species and form graphene layer on the desired metal catalyst via nucleation is considered as the most suitable method. In this study, single layer graphene with the presence of few layer single crystal graphene grains were grown on Pt foil via chemical vapour deposition. The higher growth temperature changes the surface morphology of the Pt foil so a delicate process of hydrogen bubbling was used to peel off graphene from Pt foil samples with the mechanical support of photoresist and further transferred to Si O2/Si substrates for analysis. Optical microscopy of the graphene transferred samples showed the regions of single layer along with different oriented graphene domains. Two type of interlayer stacking sequences, Bernal and twisted, were observed in the graphene grains.The presence of different stacking sequences in the graphene layers in fl uence the electronic and optical properties; in Bernal stacking the band gap can be tunable and in twisted stacking the overall sheet resistance can be reduced. Grain boundaries of Pt provides low energy sites to the carbon species, therefore the nucleation of grains are more at the boundaries. The stacking order and the number of layers in grains were seen more clearly with scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy showed high quality graphene samples due to very small D peak. 2D Raman peak for single layer graphene showed full width half maximum(FWHM) value of 30 cm-1. At points A, B and C, Bernal stacked grain showed FWHM values of 51.22, 58.45 and 64.72 cm-1, while twisted stacked grain showed the FWHM values of 27.26, 28.83 and 20.99 cm-1,respectively. FWHM values of 2D peak of Bernal stacked grain showed an increase of 20–30 cm-1 as compare to single layer graphene which showed its dispersive nature and con fi rmed Bernal sequence. On the other hand, the slightest decrease in FWHM values of 2D peak in twisted grain comparing to single layer con fi rmed the twisted sequence of grains. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed an increasing trend in grain height pro fi le with an increase in the number of layers.     

Computing along the axon

A special form of spiking neural P systems, called axon P systems, corresponding to the activity of Ranvier nodes of neuron axon, is considered and a class of SN-like P systems where the computation is done along the axon is introduced and their language generative power is investigated.     

Probabilistic transitions for P systems

In this paper we use the abstract syntax and the structural operational semantics of the P systems given in ［1］, and add probabilities to the rules and to the communication targets. We take into account the number of possible combinations of rules which can be applied in a computation step, as well as the consumption degree of the current resources.     

How to express tumours using membrane systems

In this paper we discuss the potential usefulness of membrane systems as tools for modelling tumours. The approach is followed both from a macroscopic and a microscopic point of view. In the first case, one considers the tumour as a growing mass of cells, focusing on its external shape. In the second case, one descends to the microscopic level, studying molecular signalling pathways that are crucial to determine if a cell is cancerous or not. In each of these approaches we work with appropriate variants of membrane systems.     

Dielectric properties, electrical modulus and current transport mechanisms of Au/ZnO/n-Si structures

Au/Zn O/n-Si(MIS)structures were fabricated by using the RF sputtering method and their complex dielectric constant(ε~*=ε’-jε’’),electric modulus(M~*=M′+j M’’)and electrical conductivity(σ=σ_(dc)+σ_(ac))values were investigated as a function of frequency(0.7 k Hz-1 MHz)and voltage(-6–(+6 V))by capacitance-voltage(C-V)and conductance-voltage(G/ω-V)measurements to get more information on the conduction mechanisms and formation of barrier height between Au and n-Si.The lnσ-Lnf plots have two different regions corresponding to low-intermediate and high frequencies.Such behavior of lnσ-lnf plots shows that the existence of two different conduction mechanisms(CMs)at low-intermediate and high frequencies.Moreover,the reverse bias saturation current(I_o),ideality factor(n),barrier height(Φ_(Bo))were determined from the forward bias I-V data and they were found as a strong function of temperature.The value of n especially at low temperature is considerably higher than unity.The values ofΦ_(B0)and standard deviation(σ_s)were found from the intercept and slope ofΦ_(Bo)-q/2k T plots as 0.551 e V and 0.075 V for the region I(80–220 K)and 1.126 e V and 0.053 V for the region II(220–400 K),respectively.The values ofΦ_(Bo)and effective Richardson constant(A~*)were found from slope and intercept of activation energy plots as 0.564 e V and 101.084 Acm~(-2)K~(-2)for the region I and 1.136 e V and41.87 Acm~(-2)K~(-2)for the region II,respectively.These results confirm that the current-voltage-temperature(I-V-T)characteristics of the fabricated Au/Zn O/n-Si SBDs can satisfactorily be explained on the basis of TE theory with double GD of the BHs.     

絮凝剂和溶菌酶联用促进污泥脱水性能

通过小试试验考察了絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺)和溶菌酶联合使用对污水厂二沉池回流污泥的脱水性能、沉降性能及絮体特性的影响,并与2种药剂单独作用时进行了对比研究.结果表明,絮凝剂和溶菌酶分别单独作用于污泥脱水时,均可改善污泥的脱水性能;但2种药剂共同作用时,能同时提高污泥沉降性能和脱水速度,且脱水程度较2种药剂单独处理时进一步提升.2种药剂联用时的最佳投加量为20 mL/L絮凝剂+0.05 g/g溶菌酶,且最优添加顺序为先絮凝剂再溶菌酶.此时污泥抽滤泥饼含水率和比阻分别为65.7%和0.8×1012 m/kg,与原泥相比下降25.3%和75.8%.通过污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量与污泥絮体形态分析可知,溶菌酶可以有效破坏污泥絮体结构,改变污泥EPS的分布;高分子絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用则加快了污泥过滤脱水速度.而两者联合使用增大了污泥絮体二维分形维数,可使污泥絮体结构更加细密紧实,并提高污泥可脱除水分的比例,从而提高了污泥脱水性能.研究结果表明,絮凝剂和溶菌酶联用调理污泥脱水具有较好的应用前景.     

基于饱和沉淀Ca（DBS）2及结合 MBFGA1絮凝沉降去除罗丹明b

通过提高溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钙(Ca(DBS)2)沉淀的析出,结合微生物絮凝剂GA1(MBFGA1)对Ca(DBS)2的絮凝作用,将阳性染料罗丹明b(RB)从溶液中絮凝去除.在整个絮凝过程中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)增溶RB分子,然后在过量Ca~(2+)的影响下,增溶了RB分子的Ca(DBS)2悬浮物充分析出,最后被MBFGA1絮凝沉淀.为了提高RB的去除效率,采用响应面分析法(RSM)对Ca~(2+)、SDBS及MBFGA1初始浓度进行优化.实验结果表明,最优条件下(SDBS:2.67 mmol/L、Ca~(2+):5.61 mmol/L、MBFGA1:4.34 mL/L),RB和SDBS去除率达到99.80%和90.03%,其出水COD值为89.69 mg/L,低于国家工业废水排放标准,无需进行后续处理.同时,采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)来探讨RB的絮凝去除机理以及SDBS和Ca~(2+)之间的相互作用.当Ca~(2+)初始浓度相对SDBS初始浓度过量时,增溶RB分子的SDBS胶团(SDBSRB胶团)会与Ca~(2+)反应生成被RB分子附着的Ca(DBS)2颗粒(Ca(DBS)2-RB颗粒),最后Ca(DBS)2颗粒被MBFGA1絮凝沉降;而当SDBS初始浓度相对Ca~(2+)初始浓度过量时,Ca(DBS)2颗粒会逐渐复溶并生成大量的附着Ca~(2+)的SDBS胶团.     

不同坡度单体山丘风速地形修正系数与 越山风效应风洞试验研究

为了研究不同坡度单体山丘风速地形修正系数与越山风效应对输电塔线结构的影响,对比了国内外5种规范取值与风洞试验测试结果,分析了不同坡度山丘山顶位置和迎、背、侧风坡面风速地形修正系数,并探讨了山丘风场竖向风速分量与紊流度变化特性.研究结果表明:5种规范中我国建筑结构荷载规范与高耸结构设计规范对不同坡度山丘山顶处的风速地形修正系数的取值最大;山顶位置风速地形修正系数并非完全随坡度增大而增加,坡度大于0.577之后达到1时,风速地形修正系数反而减小;现有的拟合公式计算山丘表面区域的侧风坡风速修正系数取值偏小,而计算上部区域的风速修正系数取值却明显偏大;山体坡度越大则竖向风速分量极大值反而越小,三类坡度山丘在迎风坡和背风坡测试的最大竖向风速分量与参考来流风速的比值分别为0.523和-0.542;山体坡度越大则表面紊流度越大,特别是陡峭山坡背风侧紊流度比较大,坡度为1时山丘背风侧0.6倍山体高度处的紊流度可高达35%.     

基于Oyane准则的金属板材渐进成形破裂预测

针对渐进成形中的破裂缺陷,将Oyane准则引入数值模拟中,有效预测了渐进成形中金属板料的成形极限.首先,针对DC56D+Z钢板,基于获取的Oyane准则材料参数,通过试验与数值模拟确定了破裂积分值I=4为破裂的临界条件.然后,基于响应面法建立了工艺参数与I积分值之间的非线性模型,且通过方差分析验证了该模型的有效性.研究得出:该数值模型可以有效预测最大破裂积分I值,I值随着成形角α、层间距Δz和工具头直径d的增大而增大,3个工艺参数的影响作用逐渐减弱,且αΔz、αd两种组合的交互作用影响较大.