Gasflow style level posture sensor and angular velocity gyroscope assembled inertial sensor

The compensational loop consisting of a gasflow style angular velocity gyroscope and gasflow level posture sensor is pro- posed to improve the signal of gasflow style tilt.This compensational loop could remove acceleration interfere from the signal of tilt.This assembled gasflow type inertial sensor not only measures static state angular,but also restrains the acceleration which interferes the output signal of level posture sensor in dynamic situations.Therefore,the precision of outputs signal increases greatly.Moreover,the output sig- nal includes the angle velocity signal.     

A global heuristically search algorithm for DNA encoding

A new efficient algorithm is developed to design DNA words with equal length for DNA computing. The algorithm uses a global heuristic optimizing search approach and converts constraints to a carry number to accelerate the convergence, which can generate a DNA words set satisfying some thermodynamic and combinatorial constraints. Based on the algorithm, a software for DNA words design is developed.     

A maximum entropy distribution for wave heights of non-linear sea waves

Based on the maximum entropy principle, a probability density function (PDF) for the zero-crossing wave height (H) of random waves is derived as the simple form fn(H)=αHγe－βHn (n is a selectable positive integer) through solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints. This PDF maximizes the information entropy of H, and its parameters α, γ and β are expressed explicitly in terms of the distribution moments m, m=1,2,…,n, so it is well competent for describing the distribution of H of nonlinear sea waves with large uncertainty, and its parameters can be simply determined from available data. Comparisons between the PDF with n=3 and n=4 and the observed distributions of H from wave records measured in the East China Sea and in a wind-wave tunnel show fairly satisfying agreements.     

Nitric oxide: A potential key point of the signaling network leading to plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis

The endogenous signaling network of plants plays important roles in mediating the exogenous factor-induced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signaling molecule in plants recently. Numerous studies demonstrated that the main signaling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NO were not only involved in regulating plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis but also interacted to form a complex signaling network by mutual inhibition and/or synergy. The recent progress in the signal network of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis has been discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we propose a hypothetical model to show that NO might act as a potential molecular switch in the signaling network leading to plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis.     

Conflict adaptation in the perception of emotional valence in a Stroop task

Interference effects are commonly observed when conflicts arise between task-relevant and task-irrelevant dimensions of stimuli. Compared with responses to congruent trials in which the two dimensions are compatible, responses to incongruent trials are usually slower and less accurate. Moreover, the performance in a given trial is affected by the nature of the preceding trial, in that the interference effect for the current incongruent trial is reduced when it follows an incongruent trial than when it follows a congruent one. This conflict adaptation effect has been generally ascribed to the functioning of the cognitive control system, in which higher controls are recruited after conflicts to further constrain the processing of the task-irrelevant dimension. However, due to its uniqueness in neural and cognitive processes, whether the perception of emotional valence shows the same conflict adaptation effect in the conflicting context is an open question. This study adopted a variant of the Stroop task in which the task-relevant dimension was the affective facial expression while the task-irrelevant dimension was the meaning of an emotional word superimposed on the face. Results suggest that the perception of emotional valence in the conflicting context can have aspects that are both similar and dissimilar to the control of conflict for non-emotional information. The capturing of attention by emotional information can alter the functioning of the cognitive control system.     

What is the most important in development of theory of mind?—The roles of EF, verbal and arithmetic ability, and working memory

The present study examined the contributions of age, verbal ability, arithmetic ability, working memory, and executive function (EF) to the development of theory of mind (ToM). The results showed that age, arithmetic ability, working memory, and EF were significant predictors of the development of ToM, while verbal ability did not. And results from the hierarchical regression analysis suggested that, compared to EF, arithmetic ability and working memory were more important in predicting the development of ToM.     

Neural correlates of moral judgment of lying： An event-related-potential study

The present study investigated neural mechanisms of moral judgment of lying in adults using high-density event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants were recruited to do moral judgment of 200 stories including two types of lying and their corresponding truth-telling. The results showed that both types of lying were judged more negative than their corresponding truth-telling, and moral judgment of black lying was more negative than that of modest lying. There were two main components of the ERPs evoked by the test stimuli. One was an early component, peaking at about 200 ms, and the other was a late component, peaking at about 400 ms. Over the frontal scalp sites, the early component was positive and the late component was negative, while they both reversed over the posterior sites. The ERPs of both types of lying was more positive than that of their corresponding truth-telling in the time window of 600—900 ms at the posterior sites.     

High-Temperature Target Recognition Based on Spectral Radiation Information

Based on the principles of optics and radiometry, the imaging mathematical model is established and the factors of the contrast （signal-noise-ratio） of high-temperature target and the scenery are given. By analyzing not only the differences in spectral properties between objects in the scene, but also the CCD spectral response theoretically, a new method of enhancement of contrast is given. By optimizing the initial image capture stage, using liquid crystal light valve to make a simple modification of the imaging system, the goal of high-temperature object recognition is achieved. The experimental results agree with the theoretical predict.     

Normal telomere lengths found in cloned cattle

Success of cloning using adult somatic cells has been reported in sheep, mice and cattle. The report that 'Dolly' the sheep, the first clone from an adult mammal, inherited shortened telomeres from her cell donor and that her telomeres were further shortened by the brief culture of donor cells has raised serious scientific and public concerns about the 'genetic age' and potential developmental problems of cloned animals. This observation was challenged by a recent report that showed calves cloned from fetal cells have longer telomeres than their age-matched controls. The question remains whether Dolly's short telomeres were an exception or a general fact, which would differ from the telomeres of fetal-derived clones.