A maximum entropy distribution for wave heights of non-linear sea waves

Based on the maximum entropy principle,a probability density function (PDF) for the zero-crossing wave height (H) of random waves is derived as the simple form fn(H)=αHγe-βHn (n is a selectable positive integer) through solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints. This PDF maximizes the information entropy of H, and its parameters α, γ and β are expressed explicitly in terms of the distribution moments m, m=1,2,…,n, so it is well competent for describing the distribution of H of nonlinear sea waves with large uncertainty, and its parameters can be simply determined from available data. Comparisons between the PDF with n=3 and n=4 and the observed distributions of H from wave records measured in the East China Sea and in a wind-wave tunnel show fairly satisfying agreements.     

Hodograph computation and bound estimation for rational B-spline curves

It is necessary to compute the derivative end estimate the bound of rational B-spline curves in design system,which has not been studied to date.To improve the function of computer aided design (CAD) system,end to enhance the efficiency of different algo- rithms of rational B-spline curves,the representation of scaled hodograph and bound of derivative magnitude of uniform planar rational B- spline curves are derived by applying Dir function,which indicates the direction of Cartesian vector between homogeneous points,discrete B-spline theory end the formula of translating the product into a summation of B-spline functions.As an application of the result above, upper bound of parametric distance between any two points in a uniform planar rational B-spline curve is further presented.     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

抛物形缓坡方程的数值研究

对2种典型的抛物形缓坡方程进行比较系统的数值研究。通过对4种典型地形上的波浪变形的数值模拟，详细讨论了网格节点数对数值解精度的影响、模型对初始入射角的敏感程度、非线性项对数值结果的影响等。研究结果可为实际应用抛物形缓坡方程研究大区域复杂地形上的波浪传播提供一定的理论指导。     

The Effects of Shrimp Gut Probiotic Bacteria on the Shrimp Larvae (Penaeus Chinensis)

The survival rates of shrimp larvae in different stage are higher than those of control groups when probiotic bacteria strains X4B-1 and X1B-1 which are isolated from gut of adult shrimp are added into the little volume rearing sea water of shrimp larvae. The effects of probiotic bacteria are evaluated by challenge test (pathogenic bacteria Z3G2 isolated from disease shrimp larvae in the hatchery of Jimo town) and low salinity stress resistance tests on shrimp larvae, the survival rate and lengths of the shrimp larvae in the experiment are determined. Results indicate that 1. The survival rate, ability of resistant to low salinity, lengths of the delivered shrimp larvae are improved after the strains of probiotic bacteria, X4B-1 or X1B-1, are added into the rearing sea water of hatchery. 2. The addition of the probiotic bacteria could not influence the change of the bacteria number, NH3-N and COD value in the rearing sea water. 3. The probiotic bacteria used in the experiment have many enzymes such as Lipase, Amylase, Gelatinase and Lecithinase. These enzymes may help the probiotic bacteria to digest the food components fed to shrimp larvae and increase the digestive efficiency of post larvae. This may be one of the reasons why these probiotic bacteria are beneficial to the shrimp larvae.     

Molecular Cloning of a Novel Bovine Homologue of the Drosophila Tumor Suppressor Gene,Lats

Pervious studies demonstrate that lats,also known as warts,is a tumor suppressor gene in Drosophila^[1,2],Mutations of lats lead to an increase in cell number and organ size in Drosophila,indicating lats may be involved in organ size control.Furthermore,the high conservation of sequence and tumor suppression functioin of lats between Drosophila and human suggests that it may be also involved in organ size control of higher animals^[3],So here we isolated the bovine homologue of Drosophila lats.Sequence analysis indicates the bovine LATS1 to be very similar to other lats proteins.     

Optimizing the fabrication of carbon nanotube electrode for effective capacitive deionization via electrophoretic deposition strategy

In order to obtain superior electrode performances in capacitive deionization(CDI), the electrophoretic deposition(EPD) was introduced as a novel strategy for the fabrication of carbon nanotube(CNT) electrode.Preparation parameters, including the concentration of slurry components, deposition time and electric field intensity, were mainly investigated and optimized in terms of electrochemical characteristic and desalination performance of the deposited CNT electrode. The SEM image shows that the CNT material was deposited homogeneously on the current collector and a non-crack surface of the electrode was obtained. An optimal preparation condition of the deposited CNT electrode was obtained and specified as the Al(NO3)3 M concentration of 1.3 × 10~(-2) mol/L, the deposition time of 30 min and the electric field intensity of 15 V/cm. The obtained electrode performs an increasing specific mass capacitance of 33.36 F/g and specific adsorption capacity of 23.93 mg/g, which are 1.62 and 1.85 times those of the coated electrode respectively. The good performance of the deposited CNT electrode indicates the promising application of the EPD methodology in subsequent research and fabrication of the CDI electrodes for CDI process.     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript> addition on the friction and wear properties of (SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript>+Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript>)/Al2024 composites fabricated by pressure infiltration

Aluminum (Al) 2024 matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fibers (Al₂O_3sf) and silicon carbide particles (SiC_p) as wear-resistant materials were prepared by pressure infiltration in this study. Further, the effect of Al₂O_3sf on the friction and wear properties of the as-synthesized composites was systematically investigated, and the relationship between volume fraction and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the addition of Al₂O_3sf, characterized by the ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p, significantly affected the properties of the composites and resulted in changes in wear mechanisms. When the volume ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p was increased from 0 to 1, the rate of wear mass loss (K_m) and coefficients of friction (COFs) of the composites decreased, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and furrow wear. When the volume ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the COF decreased continuously; however, the K_m increased rapidly and the wear mechanism became adhesive wear.     

Effect of NaNO<Subscript>3</Subscript> concentration on anodic electrochemical behavior on the Sb surface in NaOH solution

The effect of NaNO₃ concentration on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony in 4 M NaOH solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The mechanism of NO₃- concentration effect on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony was proposed, and its availability was confirmed by experimental results. The effect of NaNO₃ on the anodic behavior of antimony in NaOH solution can be interpreted as a stepwise formation of different antimony compounds with different NaNO₃ concentrations. Metallic antimony is apt to be oxidized into Sb₂O₃ within the NaNO₃ concentration range of 0-0.48 M. NaSbO₃ can be found on the antimony surface when the NaNO₃ concentration increases gradually. Insoluable NaSbO₃ inhibits the anodic oxidation of antimony due to its shielding effect on the mass transport of the reactants and products. Surface morphology and composition were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Results indicate that the anodic oxidation layer is composed of Sb₂O₃, NaSbO₃, and Sb. The atomic proportion of antimony in the form of NaSbO₃ increases with increasing NaNO₃ concentration due to the powerful oxidizing property of NaNO₃.